Anton Abrahams, Australasian TETRA Forum - Delivering mission-critical digital radio solutions for the rail industry through TETRA

Presentation on behalf of the TETRA + Critical Communications Association

Telecommunications & Train Control Conference August 2014

Delivering mission-critical digital radio solutions for the rail industry through TETRA

Anton Abrahams Australasian TETRA Forum Sydney 12th August 2014


Introduction – Australasian TETRA Forum

Railway Challenges & Communication Requirements

Basics of TETRA Technology

TETRA for efficient and safe rail operations

TETRA and Railway Control and Signalling

TETRA a comparison with GSM-R

International Examples TETRA in Rail

Summary and Conclusion

Presentation Content Telecommunications & Train Control Conference August 2014

This presentation has been prepared with input from members of the TCCA, the TETRA and Critical Communication Association‘s Transport Workgroup and members of the Australasian TETRA Forum (ATF)


Introduction to Australasian TETRA Forum

Australasian TETRA Forum (ATF) supports the work of the international TETRA & Critical Communication Association Limited (TCCA) and its members in Australasia by:-

promoting the open and non-proprietary ETSI developed and supported TETRA digital trunked radio technology within the region;

facilitating exchange of information;

helping to secure sufficient radio spectrum;

representing the members (22) interests towards regulatory bodies and industrial corporations.

The TETRA and Critical Communication Association guarantees an open multi-vendor market and addresses the need for TETRA & future mobile

broadband technologies, and ensures IOP certification processes between manufacturers


Contact us www.tetraforum.com.au


Introduction

A large number of rail operators around the world have embarked on expensive modernisation and expansion programmes. These include, in many cases, the re-evaluation of the most appropriate and most cost effective digital radio technology for next-generation radio communications which will effectively complement existing and future operations. TETRA as one of the most cost effective and appropriate mission critical digital radio technologies plays an important role in delivering mission critical communications as each day millions of commuters and passengers around the world rely on the TETRA technology to provide safe and efficient rail operations

Delivering mission-critical digital radio solutions for the rail industry



Railway Challenges (1) Communication Requirements


Railway Segments Mass Transit Metro Light Rail Commuter lines

Long Haul

Passengers

Freight

High speed

>200Km/h

Fast Rail

Light Rail, Metros, Railways, High speed trains and Freight Rail including driverless operations need an efficient communication system that meets service availability and safety expectations of its users.


Railway Challenges (2) Communication Requirements

Safety assurance No accidents Continuous monitoring Maximum reliability

User satisfaction Decrease journey times Increase service frequency Service quality and user comfort


Efficient train operation Increase line capacity To move more people more

quickly Flexibility Dynamic optimization of the

operation No service disruption

Cost-effective solutions Reduce wayside equipment Low susceptibility to vandalism Low maintenance cost Energy savings Low life cycle cost


Voice

& Security

Calls to drivers, stations, depots, control centres, public address to passengers

Maintenance personnel

Station staff, Security personnel

Integration with other agencies in mission critical operations (police, fire brigade, ambulance etc…)

Railway Challenges (3) Voice Communication Requirements



Data Block

Non-Critical Data Location applications: trains,

maintenance vehicles, walking staff, security etc…

Passengers information systems Video

Critical Data, Telemetry, Remote control

Monitoring, diagnosis and management of alarms and events

Railway Challenges (4) Data Requirements



Vital Data Railway signaling applications

(safety and protection systems as ETCS or CBTC) :

Data Block

Ÿ

Ÿ Ÿ

Communication of protection systems:

On-board wayside Communication Interlockings

Control Centre ATS Communication between

interlockings

Railway Challenges (5) Data Requirements



TETRA = Mission Critical Digital Trunked Technology developed by ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)

Open Standard Technology (Certified and Independent Interoperability Tests)

Multi Vendor support (> 20 international & multi national vendors)

Quality of Communications (ACELP Vocoder optimized for noisy Environment)

Spectral Efficiency (TDMA 4 slots in 25KHz)

High Security (Air Interface Encryption, E2EE, Authentication)

Simple Interconnection to other networks (ISDN, IP, GSM)

Half-duplex and full-duplex voice communications.

Emergency Calls and Priority management.

Very fast call setup (500 msecs)

Simultaneous voice and data

Basics of TETRA Technology (1)




Basics of TETRA Technology (2) Building Blocks

Ethernet/IP TETRA Infrastructure

4 3 2

1

5

6 7

8


Fleet and Group management

Group calls, Broadcast calls

Individual calls, telephone calls

Fast call set-up (500 msecs)

Priority management (15 levels)

Emergency calls

Dialing and Addressing services

Dynamic Group Number Assignment

Basics of TETRA Technology (3) Functionalities


Standard TETRA Voice + Data functionalities applicable to rail operations

Ambience Listening call (remote

monitoring)

Duplex calls (useful for hands- free mode) Direct Mode (useful for

“shunting” operations and gate way repeater operations)

Encrypted Communications for high level of security


Basics of TETRA Technology (4) Functionalities


Standard TETRA Voice and Data functionalities applicable to rail operations Simultaneous Voice and Data or Dedicated Data service

Packet Data service,

Circuit Mode Data

Status messages

Short Data service

TETRA Enhanced Data Services (TEDS)

Most of these functionalities are applicable to rail

TETRA supports narrow and wideband packet data services (multi-slot packet data and TEDS) for mission-critical and safety critical applications support.


Basics of TETRA Technology (5) Mission critical network features for Rail

Reliability Proven technology. Very robust and resilient air interface. Best immunity against interferences. Standard layers for Quality of Service (QoS)

Availability – Any time, Anywhere Ready for redundant design, no single point of failure.

Fast and consistent voice call set-up even over wide area connections Congestion control, access priorities, pre-emption Direct Mode: Off network coverage enhancement, gateway repeater mode

Maintainability Network Management System with continuous monitoring




Control on radio resources - Single network – multiple separated user fleets with management of traffic.

Mobility – true seamless hand-over

Scalability - IP architecture

Security - Encryption services

Interconnection with other systems / technologies - Easy interfaces

for end applications

Open multivendor standard : > 20 international/multi-national vendors. Multi-vendor support and competition for the core system, subscriber radios and peripherals



100% Ethernet / IP Advantages All modules can be duplicated to reach complete redundancy.

A system completely failure tolerant.

Maximum reliability.

All elements in the system can be freely

distributed.

The transport network can use any kind of

technology.

The control nodes don’t need to be

geographically centralized.

Failure points are avoided.

Optimized method for packet data

transmission through the transport

network.

Bandwidth requirements between Control

Nodes and Base stations are reduced.

Standard network equipment Reduced obsolescence risk

and reduced costs. Standard maintenance IP services Standard tools:

FTP, SNMP, TELNET, HTTP




TETRA has flexibility in choice of frequency bands:

Other technologies, for example GSM-R, operate in the frequencies 876-915/921-960 MHz or higher (as in Australia) requiring more base station repeaters than TETRA to obtain the same coverage. (Savings not only in radio equipment, but also in civil engineering, buildings/shelters, towers, etc…)

TETRA is four times more efficient using the spectrum than GSM-R.

TETRA provides 4 channels in a bandwidth of 25 KHz, while GSM provides 8 channels in 200 KHz. (The use of the spectrum, which is a very limited resource today, is clearly optimized with TETRA)

Basics of TETRA Technology (8) spectrum & spectral efficiency


350-370 Mhz, 380-400 Mhz, 410-430 Mhz 450-470 MHz bands and 800 Mhz.


Range of TETRA terminals: Cab radios On board equipment General purpose radios Dispatching terminals & systems

TETRA technology has wide support from over 20 manufacturers of core equipment and suppliers of test equipment, peripheral products, specialized on-board units and applications providers, making it the most widely available and future-proof PMR technology.

Multi-vendor technology This ensures a highly competitive market place and provides transport operators with plenty of choice at a good price.

TETRA Technology – Terminals



Railway Signaling using TETRA can provide a continuous data transmission (On-board Wayside Equipment) resulting in: High availability and Reliability Line train capacity optimization Reduced number of wayside equipment

Applicable to all safety and protection systems

(ETCS, CBTC, PTC,..)

TETRA and Railway Signalling for Safe and Efficient Operation (1)


Due to its flexible design, TETRA can be seamlessly integrated with other wide or broadband technologies for complementary solutions

such as LTE



ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System)

ETCS (European Train Control System)

RBTC (Radio Based Train Control)

CBTC (Communication Based Train Control)

PTC (Positive Train Control)

ITCS (Incremental Train Control System (Federal Rail Administration USA)



TETRA supports the ETCS requirements for the communication systems. The ETCS functionality will be completely retained as it is only the radio access that is replaced. The ETCS traffic model can be supported by all the TETRA data services (Short Data Messages, Circuit Mode Data or Packet Data service): e.g. Train - Wayside: Position report Wayside - Train: Response to position report / Movement authority



ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System)

ETCS (European Train Control System)

GSM-R (radio communication system)


TETRA also supports CBTC data requirements. There is NO mandatory radio technology to support the communications

of CBTC protection systems. The standard IP interfaces of TETRA are appropriate for that integration .

The CBTC functionality will be completely retained as it is only the radio access that is replaced by TETRA providing Reliability & Availability

along the rail line.

Flexibility and integration: TETRA technology is flexible and can be seamlessly integrated with other wide or broadband technologies for complementary solutions, e.g. LTE.




TETRA unlike GSM-R has integrated DMO mode included in its standard (without having to integrate another FM analogue radio e.g. for shunting activities). This TETRA DMO mode also provides user with option of gateway repeaters for coverage enhancements.

TETRA is better provisioned than GSM-R to provide seamless handover continuity between cells, because of pre-emption protocols that already exist to disconnect lower priority users as part of TETRA’s emergency call facility.

TETRA has much faster call set-up time as compared to GSM-R. From a safety perspective, a TETRA system would be better suited for an environment where fast response times are critical.

TETRA a comparison with GSM-R (1)


GSM-R technology is derived from GSM Cellular technology for public access adapted to a railway environment which is a mission critical environment. Private mobile radio technology such as TETRA was designed from the start for mission critical private radio networks. For example:


Voice Services GSM-R TETRA Call access time 5 – 8.5 sec 500 msecs Group call Y (5 sec) Y (0.5s) Individual call & Broadcast Call Y (5 sec) Y (0.5s) Data Services GSM-R TETRA Status messaging Y Y Short data messaging Y Y Circuit Mode Data Y Y Simultaneous voice + data Y Y Packet data N Y


Other GSM-R TETRA Priority/Emergency call Y (2 sec) Y (0.5s) Full duplex voice Y Y Telephone interconnect call Y Y Call busy queuing N Y Recent user priority N Y Late entry N Y Remote monitoring N Y

TETRA also provides Direct

Mode and Encryption

TETRA a comparison with GSM-R (2)


Future Development As with any technology buy, a technology must have a migration or evolution path to upgrade to meet foreseeable future trends. Obsolescence is a key factor to consider before selecting the most appropriate technology to support any railway communication requirement. Long life cycle is mandatory for the equipment in a railway environment. TETRA has been growing up according to the professional market needs and

the life cycle of the technology is guaranteed and will continue to offer secure and resilient voice and data communications for mission critical users for many years.

The TETRA standard is flexible and open to allow software application interfaces to be written to the system to meet very railway specific requirements. And it can be complemented by LTE that will provide very high data services.

TETRA for efficient and safe rail operations



IP BACKBONE NETWORK

Typical global radio access for all the Rail requirements

26

TETRA ACCESS

Base Station

Control Node

Broadband coverage area - Non-vital Data Transmission - Un-licensed frequency band (e.g. 5.8 GHz) - Coverage area ~2-3 km.

TETRA coverage area: - Voice and Critical Data

communications - Signaling Data - UHF licensed frequency bands - Coverage area ~15 km

ON-BOARD EQUIPMENT

Antennae Communication rack, TETRA and Broadband

Base Station

s

BROADBAND

ACCESS

LTE Coverage: - Critical Data - Signaling Data - Licensed frequency bands (UHF) - Coverage area ~10 km - High availability - QoS and Railway functions



International Examples TETRA in Metro & Regional Rail, Long distance Rail and Light Rail-Tramways (1)

Europe Europe/CIS Americas North Asia

London Underground , U.K ETRA – FGV Generalitat Valenciana railways,

Spain Mexico D.F. Metro Line 12, Mexico Beijing Metro lines, PRC

Paris Metro, France SAMPOL – Mallorca Metro, Spain Mexico D.F. Metro Lines 2 and B, Mexico Beijing Capital Airport Express Rail

Stockholm Metro, Sweden Barcelona Metro Line 9, Spain Rio de Janeiro railways, EFACEC, Brazil GuangZhou Metro Corp -PRC

Storstockholms Lokaltrafik, Sweden Madrid Metro, - Spain Santiago Metro, Lines 4 and 4A, Chile Nanjing Metro Corp - PRC

Helsinki City Transport, Finland Bilbao Metro – Spain Buenavista-Cuautitlán, Mexico Shenzhen Metro – PRC

Copenhagen Metro, Denmark Lima Light Train, Perú Shenyang Metro - PRC

Danish State Railways, Denmark Tenerife light train, Spain North Atlantic Railway FENOCO, Colombia Wuhan Metro – PRC

SNCF -French Railways, France FCC – Zaragoza tramway, Spain Transporte masivo Metrolinea, Colombia Ningqi Railway Company - PRC

Wuppertal Schwebebahn, Germany New Jersey Transit Authority, USA Shanghai Metro, PRC

Bayerische Zugspitzbahn, Germany Metro Transportes do Sul Portugal Toronto Transit Authority- Canada Chengdu Metro, PRC

ChemnitzerVerkehrsbetriebe, Ger Warsaw Metro Line 2, Poland MENA Kunming Metro, PRC

Dresdener Verkehrsbetriebe, Ger SIEMENS – Metro de Argel, Algeria Xian Metro , PRC

North-Rhine Westphalian Germany Oran and Constantine tram, Algeria Taiwan High-speed Rail, Taiwan

Verkehrs AG Nürnberg Germany Budapest Metro Line 4 Hungary EFACEC-IKUSI – Algeria Daegu Subway, Korea

Würzburger Straßenbahnen Germany Budapest public transport (BKV) Hungary India Korea Airport Railroad, Korea

BVG Metro, Germany Bergamo Public Bus Transport, Italy Mumbai Monorail, India MTRC Metro - HongKong

T-SYSTEMS – Nuremberg Metro, Germany

RUSSIAN RAILWAY – Line Moscu - St.Petersburg, Russia

New Delhi Railway Corp - India Kowloon Canton &East West rail

Hong Kong

Bavarian Zugspitz Railroad,Ger Moscow Metro, Russia SE Asia Penny Bay and HK Tram- Hong Kong

Wuppertal Schwebebahn, Germany St Petersburg Citywide Network, Russia Australia

Düsseldorf, Germany St. Petersburg Citywide Network, Russia Mass Rapid Transit Authority (MRTA) MLY Fortescue Metals Group, Australia

Made-berg, Germany Samsun Light Rail, Turkey Malaysia Express Rail Link – Malaysia Royhill – Australia

Wiener Lokalbahnen, Germany Metro Bursa, Turkey Bangkok Metro, Thailand Gold Coast Light Rail, Australia

Bamberg, Bavaria, Germany Airport Skytrain Bangkok, Thailand

Regionalbahn Bern-Solothurn, Switz Singapore MRT, Singapore

Sytral - TETRA in urban transit France KAZAKH RAILWAYS – RBTC, Kazakhstan North East & Circle Lines, Singapore

Orleans Transport France Almaty Metro, Kazakhstan Marina Bay Line, Singapore

RATP Railway & Metro & Tram - France

Lille Metro & Tram - France



A high speed train trial conducted in Europe using TETRA concluded that

Perfect TETRA communication was achieved to up to 574.8 Km/h TETRA capacity is far beyond the original design parameters

No issues with standard TETRA terminals and Infrastructure

TETRA is cost efficient by using half the number of radio sites of GSM-R

International Examples TETRA (2) in Fast Rail


Examples of where TETRA is currently used in High Speed Rail: o China, o Taiwan, o France, o Spain



Summary & Conclusion (1)

TETRA projects have been awarded worldwide covering various markets like public safety, transportation, utilities, and others requiring instant mission critical communication services GSM-R projects have so far been limited to European railways and some rail projects in Australia, India, China and South Africa

TETRA has received greater widespread market acceptance than GSM-R globally and is a multi-vendor technology (>20 companies that supply the technology)

Almost all new or upgraded metro and mass rapid transit lines (that have very similar needs to railway operators), are selecting TETRA as their choice of mission critical digital trunk radio system.



TETRA will continue to offer secure and resilient voice and data communications for mission critical users for many years.

TETRA will be increasingly complemented by LTE which will provide very high speed data services and LTE will be enhanced with some of the mission critical features unique to TETRA.

TETRA has important advantages Better spectrum efficiency Better coverage (incl. rural coverage) Lower cost Public safety and mission- critical features More manufacturer support (2nd source security) Clearer future plans and evolution of the TETRA standard with Broadband (TETRA + LTE)

Summary & Conclusion (2)

Each day millions of commuters and passengers around the world rely on TETRA technology providing safe and efficient rail operations

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For more information contact us at the Australasian TETRA Forum [email protected] Visit our website www.tetraforum.com.au For information on the TETRA and Critical Communication Association (TCCA) visit www.tcca.com.au

Thank You Telecommunications & Train Control Conference August 2014

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.tetraforum.com.au/

http://www.tcca.com.au/

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Anton Abrahams, Australasian TETRA Forum - Delivering mission-critical digital radio solutions for the rail industry through TETRA