An Industrial and Urban Nation An Industrial and Urban Nation (1876 -1900)(1876 -1900)

Chapter 19: pg. 576 - Chapter 19: pg. 576 - 603603

Chapter OverviewChapter Overview General themes

How America uses new inventions to become the biggest industrial power in the world

Problems that this industrialization caused Progression through the chapter

1.Industrial Revolution – how did new inventions and methods make us an industrial power?

2.Industrial workers – what effects did these new inventions and methods have on the working man?

3.Immigration – how did industrialization affect immigration? How did immigration affect the working man?

4.Populism – what effects did this have economically and politically?

Section 1 ObjectivesSection 1 Objectives

From pg. 579 – 584 Identify the developments that

happened in the steel, oil, and electric industries during the Second Industrial Revolution

Describe the changes that occurred in the way that businesses were organized

Explain why the America people distrusted monopolies and what actions they took against them

Foldable activity – folding a paper Foldable activity – folding a paper to look like this . . .to look like this . . .

Steel Oil ElectricityImportant figure / figures

Major company

Major developments

Effects of this industry

Steel IndustrySteel Industry

SteelImportant figure / figures

Henry Bessemer – Bessemer processAndrew Carnegie – U.S. Steel

Major company U.S. Steel

Major developments

Bessemer process – make a load of better steel in 10 minutes, not a day.

Effects this had Steel production: 1870 – 77,000 tons, 1879 – 1 million tonsCheap steel helped build railroadsCommon items – nails, wire, pipe – made of steelSteel for buildings – skyscrapers and steel-frame buildings

Oil industryOil industry

OilImportant figure / figures

Benjamin Stillman – processing crude oil into keroseneEdwin Drake – oil wellsJohn D. Rockefeller – Standard OilNikolaus Otto – gas-powered engine

Major company Standard Oil

Major developments

Oil derricks – pump oil out of the groundGas powered engines – cars and planes

Effects this had Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia produce millions of barrels a yearFirst practical car in 1893First airplane flight in 1903 – Wright Brothers

Electricity IndustryElectricity Industry

ElectricityImportant figure / figures

Thomas Edison – inventorAlexander Graham Bell – telephone

Major company General Electric

Major developments

Electric lightbulb in 1879 – EdisonTelephone in 1876 - Bell

Effects this had Telegraph connects U.S. and Britain in 1861Some major cities lit by electricity in 1880sMajor cities connected by phone in 1890s

Foldable activityFoldable activity

1. Fold piece of paper in half horizontally

2. Fold paper in thirds vertically

3. Cut through one part of the paper up to the halfway line

First third - New organizationFirst third - New organization

Second Third – New strategiesSecond Third – New strategies

Vertical integration Vertical integration – owning the businesses involved with each step of production process

Horizontal integration Horizontal integration – owning all the businesses in a certain field TrustTrust – companies acting together to eliminate competition, form a monopoly

Final Third – New attitudesFinal Third – New attitudes

Turning point: Sherman Anti-Turning point: Sherman Anti-Trust ActTrust Act

Where on this continuum line would you put yourself in response to this statement:

“Monopolies – one company controlling an entire industry – should not be allowed.”

Monopolies should be completely illegal

Monopolies should be completely legal