March | April 2011

Feature title: An assessment of aquaculture production with special reference to Asia and Europe

The International magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

International Aquafeed is published five times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2009 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

This section presents an overall assessment of aquaculture products and their production with

special reference to the two regions, Asia and Europe. Production volume, product quality and price, production patterns (species diversification) as well as consumption patterns are covered below.

Approximately 220 species of aquatic animals and plants are currently cultured worldwide, in a vast range of production systems, ranging from low–input extensive systems to high–input intensive aquafarms in ponds, caged enclosures and tanks.

In broad terms, aquaculture produc-tion systems used for producing these aquatic animals and plants can be divided into feed–dependant systems or fed aqua-

culture (e.g. finfish and crustaceans) or non–fed aquaculture systems where culture is predominately dependant on the natural

environment for food (e.g. aquatic plants and molluscs).

In 2006, global aquaculture production reached 66.7 million tonnes, growing at an annual rate of nine percent, while increas-ing its proportional contribution to total fisheries output. Excluding aquatic plants, aquaculture output in 1970 accounted for 3.9 percent of total fisheries production, by 2001, that proportion had increased to 29 percent and by 2006 to 36 percent (FAO, 2008a). Thus, aquaculture continues to make a significant contribution to total fisheries production over the last few decades.

This increasing contribution, however, is largely an Asian phenomenon because Asia accounted for 61.43 million tonnes or 92 percent of total world aquaculture production in 2006, while Europe contrib-uted 2.17 million tonnes or 2.2 percent

(see Figure 1). In terms of value, the

Asian region’s share was US$68.61 million or 80 percent of total value of world aquaculture pro-duction. The Asian con-tribution is significantly influenced and skewed by China.

When China is excluded, the Asian con-tribution to total world aquaculture production drops dramatically to

24.2 percent in terms of quantity and 29 percent in terms of value. As is evident, currently, aquaculture production is over-

whelmingly concentrated in one country, China.

Considering the geographic spread and potential economic contribution of aqua-culture in relation to aquafeeds, a better assessment may be made by excluding Chinese fish and aquatic plants to under-stand the progress made by the other 105 countries that have reported aquaculture production of over 1000 tonnes in 2006.

When aquatic plants are excluded from production estimates for the Asian region and Asia excluding China, aquaculture pro-duction contributes 90 percent and 23.2 percent, respectively, in terms of quantity and 78 percent and 29.2 percent in terms of value, respectively, to the world total aquaculture production.

Aquatic plant production is dominated by China. Seventy–three percent of total aquatic plant production in Asia is in China. There is no noticeable change in terms of quantity or value of aquaculture in Europe, when plants are excluded.

Regional contribution to global production

In Asia, fed aquaculture accounted for 54 percent of the region’s total aquaculture production, indicating that almost half of Asia’s aquaculture production comes from non–fed aquaculture.

However, the non–fed aquaculture pro-duction within Asia is not evenly distributed and is mainly centred in China. Fifty percent of China’s total aquaculture production (including plants) is non–fed aquaculture production.

Asia’s fed aquaculture, excluding China

The second article in a series, taken from a new aquaculture book

by Krishen J Rana, Sunil Siriwardena and Mohammad R Hasan

"In 2006, global aquaculture production reached 66.7 million

tonnes, growing at an annual rate of nine percent, while increasing its

proportional contribution to total fisheries output"

Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production:

An assessment of aquaculture production

with special reference to Asia and Europe

36 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2011

Feed Management

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In contrast, Europe contributed 4.5 percent of fish in terms of quantity to total world fed aquaculture production.

More importantly, Asia, excluding China, contrib-uted 26.5 percent of fish in terms of quantity and 30 percent in terms of value to total world fed aquaculture production, indicating that the demand for aquafeed ingredients is also heavily skewed towards China.

In terms of crustaceans fed aquaculture produc-tion, Asia contributed 91.5

percent of total world production (see Figure 2). When China is excluded from the Asian equation, the contribution of the rest of Asia is 37.5 percent of total world crustacean production. Europe’s contribution to world farmed crustacean production is negligible.

Therefore, the impact of commodity volatility will be felt to a greater degree in Asia than in Europe.

Implications for aquafeed supply

Future pressure on the demand for feed ingredients will depend on the chang-ing proportions of fed and non–fed aqua-culture to total aquaculture production, the demand and the types of species used

to meet the demand of aquatic products. The demand for feed ingredients will

also depend on whether the trend will be to increase mass production of low–value species using aquafeeds or to increase production in high–value species, which generally requires high quality performance diets.

Either way, the demand for all aquafeed ingredients will increase. Production of high–value species will put upward pressure on fishmeal and fish oil demand and prices, while production of low–value species will increase the demand and price for feed ingredients such as grains and oils of plant origin.

Coming in the next issue (May/June 2011) of International Aquafeed an excerpt of chapter two from Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquacul-ture production.

and including aquatic plants, amounts to 64.2 percent. If the recent trend in the slowing down of the annual growth of the non–fed aquaculture sector continues (see section below), while maintaining an increase in total aquaculture production, the demand for aquafeed in Asia will signifi-cantly increase.

In contrast to the Asian situation, finfish and crustacean aquaculture production in Europe is 100 percent dependent on aquafeeds.

Asia’s aquaculture production is also dominated by the use of aquafeeds.

Asia is the largest global consumer of aquafeed ingredients. Aquaculture produc-tion, mainly of crustaceans and finfish, relies on farm–made or complete industrial diets. It is estimated that Asia contributed 88.5 percent of fish in terms of quantity and 71 percent in terms of value to total world fed aquaculture production (see Figure 2).

ARCHIVEEvery feature that appears in International Aquafeed magazine, will also appear in our online archive. Please visit:http://www.aquafeed.co.uk/archive.php

ONLINEEvery edition of International aquafeed is also available in full on the International Aquafeed website:http://www.aquafeed.co.uk/online.php

More information:Krishen J. Rana & Sunil SiriwardenaInstitute of Aquaculture University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom

Mohammad R. HasanAquaculture Management and Conservation Service, Fisheries and Aquaculture Management Division, FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Website: www.fao.org

Coming in the next issue of The International Aquafeed magazine (May/June issue) will be an excerpt of chapter two from Impact of rising feed ingredient prices on aquafeeds and aquaculture production.The full publication can be found at:http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1143e/i1143e00.htm

38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2011

Feed Management

March-April 2011 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 39

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34 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | March-april 2011

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Volume 14 I s sue 2 2 011

the international magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

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Feed Management:An assessment of aquaculture production with

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