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The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Amorphous and Semi-CrystallineCommodity Thermoplastics
Materials, properties and applications.
Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 3)
Presented courtesy of Modern Plastics, Inc.
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
IMIDE MATERIALS Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400°F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction
Materials: PI
PAI PBI
IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE
AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS
Key Characteristics High Cost
High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness
Good Chemical Resistance Transparency
Hot Water & Steam Resistance
Materials: Polysulfone
Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: High Cost
High Temperature High Strength
Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance
Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness
Materials: PVDF PTFE
ECTFE FEP PFA PPS
PEEK
AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost
Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength
Good Impact Resistance Translucency
Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities
Materials: Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE
Thermoplastic Urethane
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost
Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength
Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and Wear Properties
Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond
Materials: Nylon Acetal PET PBT
UHMW-PE
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Low Cost
Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength
Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction
Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties
Good Toughness
Materials: Polyethylene
Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX)
AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Low Cost
Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength
Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well
Typically Transparent
Materials: Acrylic
Polystyrene ABS PVC
PETG CAB
SE
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ST
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LA
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AM
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LA
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AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures
Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent
Bond Well Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance
Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & Wear)
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point
Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque
Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking
Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and Wear, As Well As Structural Applications
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Amorphous Commodity ThermoplasticsKey Characteristics
• Low cost• Low temperature resistance• Low strength• Good dimensional stability• Bonds well• Typically transparent
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Amorphous Commodity ThermoplasticsMaterials
• Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) • Polystyrene (PS)• Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)• Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)• Cellulous acetate butyrate (CAB)
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylic (PMMA) Strengths
• Availability of all ranges of optical transparency, including opacity
• Rigidity• Surface hardness• Half the weight of glass• Heat resistance
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylic (PMMA) Limitations
• Grain effect • Discolor with high UV exposure• Attacked by organic solvents• Limited chemical resistance• Poor wear and abrasion resistance• Low impact strength
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylic (PMMA) Applications
• Protective glazing• Windows• Toys• Point of purchase (POP) displays
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polystyrene (PS) Strengths
• Inexpensive• Easy to bond• Quick to bond • Easy to decorate
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polystyrene (PS) Limitations
• Low impact resistance
• Brittle after UV exposure
• Cannot be used at elevated temperatures
• Mechanical stress
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polystyrene (PS) Applications
• Refrigeration
• Disposable beverage glasses
• Medical devices
• Disposable laboratory products
• Wood replacement products
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Strengths
• Good impact resistance
• Easily formable
• Many different formulations
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Limitations
• Grain effect • Will discolor with high UV exposure• Attacked by organic solvents• Hygroscopic (absorbs moisture)
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)Applications
• Aircraft interiors• Computer housings• Cassette holders• Mass transit components• Wall coverings• Consumer electronics• Appliances• Automotive
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Strengths
• Low cost• Good chemical resistance• Versatile• Naturally UV resistant• Good strength
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Limitations
• Heat sensitive• Low impact strength• Poor wear resistance
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)Applications
• Pipe, valves and fittings • Thermoformed parts for transportation, exhibits and
machinery parts• Point of purchase displays• Pollution control equipment parts• Packaging
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Strengths
• Optical transparency
• Good toughness
• Easy to fabricate
• Easy to form
• Ability to be sterilized
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Limitations
• Limited UV resistance• Cannot be used above 60°-66°C/140°-150°F
range• Low softening point precludes sterilization
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)Applications
• Packaging
• Graphic arts
• Point of purchase (POP) displays
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Strengths
• Tough at low temperatures
• Compounded easily for unique applications
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Limitations
• Not compatible with other materials• Not self-extinguishing
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)Applications
• Cash register keys• Tool handles• Windshields• Thermoformed signs• Trim stripping• Window well covers
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Semi-Crystalline Commodity PlasticsKey Characteristics
• Low cost, strength and temperature resistance• Excellent chemical resistance• Low COF• Near zero moisture absorption• Very good electrical properties• Good toughness
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Semi-Crystalline Commodity PlasticsMaterials
• Polyethylene (PE)– High density polyethylene (HDPE)
– Low density polyethylene (LDPE), (LLDPE)
• Polypropylene (PP)
• Polymethylpentene (PMP)
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP) Polymethylpentene (PMP)Key Characteristics
• Partially crystalline, partially amorphous
• Largest family are the polyolefins
• Cost, benefits and limitations are different for each
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyethylenes (PE)Key Characteristics
• Classified by density and molecular weight• Excellent chemical resistance• Zero moisture absorption• Light weight (1/8 weight of steel)• Excellent insulator• Low COF• High impact strength
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polyethylenes (PE)Applications
• Packaging• Wire and cable • Industrial
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)Key Characteristics
• Good chemical resistance• Very flexible• High impact strength• Low heat resistance (60-79°C/140-175°F)• Used extensively in packaging industry and for
prosthetic devices
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Key Characteristics
• Higher rigidity and tensile strength than low and medium density polyethylenes
• Good formability
• Slightly lower impact strength than LDPE
• Virgin grades are FDA and USDA approved
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Applications
• Films• Industrial trash bags• Liners• Shipping bags• Marine industry• Playgrounds• Bathrooms• Pipe• Automotive
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polypropylenes (PP)Key Characteristics
• Excellent chemical resistance
• Excellent fatigue strength — referred to as “living hinge”
• Lower impact strength than polyethylenes
• Available in homopolymer and co-polymer
• Co-polymer offers better impact, clarity and cold temperature properties
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polypropylenes (PP)Applications
• Packaging• Automotive• Consumer/durable goods• Vacuum formed parts• Fiber/carpet
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polymethylpentene (PMP)Key Characteristics
• High transparency, even in thick sections • Very light weight (.83 specific gravity)• Higher heat resistance than other grades in this group
—compares favorably to PTFE up to 148.89°C/300°F• Good electrical properties• Low-temperature impact strength• Very brittle• Poor UV resistance• USDA compliant
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
Polymethypentene (PMP)Applications
• Medical products• Food processing equipment• Microwavable packaging
The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3The IAPD Plastics Primer, Module 3
The International Association of Plastics DistributorsThe International Association of Plastics Distributors
IMIDE MATERIALS Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400°F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction
Materials: PI
PAI PBI
IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE
AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS
Key Characteristics High Cost
High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness
Good Chemical Resistance Transparency
Hot Water & Steam Resistance
Materials: Polysulfone
Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: High Cost
High Temperature High Strength
Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance
Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness
Materials: PVDF PTFE
ECTFE FEP PFA PPS
PEEK
AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost
Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength
Good Impact Resistance Translucency
Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities
Materials: Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE
Thermoplastic Urethane
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost
Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength
Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and Wear Properties
Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond
Materials: Nylon Acetal PET PBT
UHMW-PE
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Low Cost
Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength
Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction
Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties
Good Toughness
Materials: Polyethylene
Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX)
AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS
Key Characteristics: Low Cost
Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength
Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well
Typically Transparent
Materials: Acrylic
Polystyrene ABS PVC
PETG CAB
SE
MI-C
RY
ST
AL
LIN
E P
LA
ST
ICS
AM
OR
PH
OU
S P
LA
ST
ICS
AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures
Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent
Bond Well Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance
Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & Wear)
SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point
Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque
Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking
Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and Wear, As Well As Structural Applications