Effective inter-regional networking: A roadmap to mitigate rust

epidemics

2nd. INTERNATIONAL WHEAT STRIPE RUST SYMPOSIUM

REGIONAL CEREAL RUST RESEARCH CENTER, IZMIR, TURKEY APRIL 28-MAY 01, 2014

Amor YahyaouiGlobal Wheat Program-CIMMYT

A roadmap to avert rust epidemics

2002 APS-Annual Meeting Milwaukee, 7/31,02

Virulence of wheat yellow (stripe) rust disease in Western and Central Asia

Identification of Resistance to Rusts in Wheat Wild Relatives 2003 APS Annual Meeting Charlotte, NC 8/13, 03

Effective inter-regional networking: A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics

2nd. International Wheat Stripe Rust Symposium, Izmir 4/28-5/1, 14

Conferences & Target Audience

Virulence trends; Yr 9 (1980’s) Yr 27 (2009-2010) Yr??

Lesson learned

Ug99 east-west movement

Yr9 east-west movement

1. East-West Rust movement

ICWIP

Examples of Yellow Rust Epidemics

Frequent reoccurrences

Wider areas

Noticeable production losses

Yellow (Stripe) rust is recognized since long time as a major disease of wheat.

Lesson learned

Regional Rust Networks Nile Valley and Red Sea Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, and Yemen

West Asia Rust Network Lebanon, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Pakistan, Syria

Central Asia & Caucasus net Work Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan,

Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan

North Africa Rust Network Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

Lesson learned

Cereal Rust Net WorkNVRS-Cereal Rust Net workWA-Cereal Rust Net Work

Objectives: Monitor virulence changes Identify new sources of res. Strengthen NARS capabilities Develop warning system- Defeated

genesNet work activities:Monitoring of CRTN-CWAAnnual disease surveyIndividual training

Cereal Rust Collaborative Research in CWANA

CAC-Cereal Rust Net WorkNA-Cereal Rust Net Work

Ref. ICARDA 2002 RCM-NVRS

Lesson learned

ICWIP

Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops

Regional YR Conferences Iran (2001), Pakistan (2004), Uzbekistan (2006), Turkey (2009)

Regional Conferences on Yellow Rust Launched by ICARDA in 2001 Discuss, review countries info on

YR update rust networks plan of work

Regional yellow rust conference in Iran, May 8-14, 2001

Regional Yellow Rust Network Lesson learned

Inter. WSR Symp. 1st.Syria 2011, 2nd.Turkey 2014

Conference Proceedings “Meeting the Challenges of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops”.

Regional Yellow Rust Network

Proceedings First Regional Yellow Rust Conference for Central and West Asia and North Africa

(eds 2002): R. Johnson, A. Yahyaoui, C. Wellings, A, Saidi and H. Ketata). 8-14 May 2001, Karaj, Iran

Proceedings of the Regional Conferences on Yellow Rust in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) Region

2nd (Islamabad, Pakistan 2004), 3rd (Tashkent, Uzbekistan 2006) and 4th (Antalya, Turkey 2009 )

(eds 2012); Amor Yahyaoui and Sanjaya Rajaram)

Lesson learned

www.icarda.org/striperust2014

Regional rust networks focused

Race analyses at limited locations,

Surveillance (trap nurseries)

Resistance gene effectiveness

Training

Regional Yellow Rust Network Lesson learned

Regional Yellow Rust Network

Yellow Rust Global Reference Center GRRC- AARHUS, Denmark (2008)

Complement the field surveillance

Assist in race analysis (countries lacking facilities)

Confirming reports of new races

Train NARS scientists.

DANIDA Project

Lesson learned

Desert Locus & Wheat Rusts

2. Trans-boundary Pests

Lesson learned

2008: FAO’s Wheat Rust Disease Global Programme (WRDGP)

The Way ahead

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics

Build on the success & understand the limitation

Progress made in CAC-Countries thru. resistance breeding

Yuna, IntensivnayaSpartanka, Bermet,Mirbashir, Dostyk,Sanzar8…

2002: Dustlik (Uz) 2004: Azametli95; Nurlu99 (AZ), Zubkov (Ky)2005: Almira, Djamin (Ky); 2006: Armcin(Ar) Gobustan(Az) 2007: Alex, Norman (Tj) Egemen(Kz)

36 Varieties submitted for registration in 2009

1999 2007

Turkey-CIMMYT-ICARDA Inter. Winter Wheat Improvement Program.

Untold story:Success’s Of TCI-WFWW

BOOM

BUST

Wheat Rust

Why so much focus on wheat rust ?

Stem rust 50’sUg99 + as of 2000..

Virulence Yr6, 7, 8 late 70 ’sVirulence Yr9-1990’sVirulence Yr27-2010

BGRI new dimension for international collaboration in containing the spread of new pathogen races

New rust racesevolving…

ICWIP

Green Bridge:Wheat crop all Year Important overlap periods in East Africa, Yemen, CWA• Winter & Spring wheat (CA)• Continuous planting in EA & Yemen

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics

Rust

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug YR

Alg. Mor. Tun F +/-

Eth, Erit F +S +

Yemen S +F +

Egypt S +

Syria F +Turkey F +

S

Azerbaijan F +S

Uzbekistan F +Central Asia

W. Asia

Caucasus

Vegetative PeriodGHCountry

Horn of Africa

N.Valley

Maghreb

1999

2005

Ug99 Spread 1999-2007

Vir.Yr9

Vir.Yr9

2006

2007

Shifting directions

NASA 2006

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics

East-West Movement Dominant but other pathway possible

White bucking bull movement

Surveillance (especially by national governments, NGO’s ),

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemicsSustainable Funding

Establishment of a permanent surveillance post in Yemen (Early detection/interception of east-west rust spore movement)

Enhance training on breeding, pathology, and physiology, …

Regional Cereal Rust Research and Global Reference Centers

Wheat area (1000 ha) 93.9 25.0 3-5 10-17

Rust East-West MovementKey Entry Point “Bab Al Mandab”

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics: Yemen Gate ?

?

Better collaboration (Research, plant protection, and extension Services within countries )

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics Collaboration & Awareness

Revisit seed production and distribution systems

(New ways to permit rapid replacement of susceptible varieties)

Enhance’ participation (Farmers and relevant private organizations)

Raise awareness (Stakeholders: Policy makers, Extension, Farmers, Private sectors, NGO

A roadmap to mitigate rust epidemics Enhance development and release of resistant

Varieties

Effective inter-regional networking

The strength of a Chain depends on its weakest link

TAKE IT TO THE FARMER

Reduction of areas planted to Susceptible varieties (a must)

Promote national, regional and international cooperation.

Advocate good sciences

New generation of breeders, pathologists, etc..

Enhance R&D research (Integrated crop pest management)

BGRI and Borlaug Summit

THANK YOU