Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Air to GroundCommunicationData link communication
Preface
• Until now, many airlines using ACARS as data link media.
• ACARS benefit to all groups: dispatch, operations, engineering, catering, customer service, and air traffic services.
• ACARS performance is depend on its transmission media.
ACARS
ACARS TOPOLOGY
JKTOGPGA
End Systems:Weather SystemFlight position systemAircraft database systemCrew database systemETC.
Service Provide
r Networ
k
GROUNDEARTH
STATION
REMOTEGROUNDSTATION
SATCOM
VHF COM
service provider datalinkprocesso
r
ACARS
SERVER
Limitation Of ACARS
• ACARS data link is limited by a low-speed air/ground VHF link with a capacity of 2400 bps
• ACARS handles only block letter characters
• The supported character set is limited• No graphics and no colors• Optimum uplink message size: 220
characters or less
ACARS Transmission
HF Radio
• Only a few airlines using HF Radio to transmit ACARS
• It takes more than 4 minutes to deliver one ACARS message
VHF Radio
• Data rate up to 2.4 Kbps
• Line of sight up to 30.000 ft
Inmarsat Classic Satellite
• World wide coverage except polar area
• Data rate up to 10.5 Kbps (Aero H and Aero H+ )
SITA’s VHF Coverage Map
ARINC’s VHF Coverage Map
Classic Inmarsat Coverage Map
New ACARS Transmission
• Data rate up to 31,5 Kbps• Upgrade cost range: US$46-
110.8 K• The EU single european sky
process is mandating all short haul aircraft to use VDL for CPDLC in 2015
VDLm2
• Data rate up to 1,2 Kbps• Installation cost range: US$15-
55 K• Worldwide coverage including
polar region
Iridium Satellit
e
SITA’s VDL Coverage Map
Iridium’s Coverage Map
Recommendation
Due to future technology (ACARS predicted won’t last until 2020) and high investment, it is not wise to upgrade VHF radio to VDLm2 or install Iridium satellite
If upgrade is necessary then it is better to use Iridium satellite for short haul aircraft, but notice that next generation Iridium satellite will be launched not later than 2016 (data rate up to 1 Mbps)
In-Flight Communication
• Using Swiftbroadband Inmarsat
• Upgrade cost range: US$150-600 K
• There are two model of in flight communication: In-Flight Internet via Wi-Fi In-Flight Mobile Phone Communication
Swiftbroadband Coverage Map
In-Flight Internet via Wi-Fi
(1) Passengers connect to the onboard ‘Hotspot’ via their mobile device such as laptop computers or Wi-Fi enabled smartphones - (2) Data request is processed by the onboard connectivity server (3) Signal is transmitted via satellite - (4) Ground infrastructure processes passenger payments in real-time - (5) Internet-based traffic is managed ground infrastructure.
In-Flight Mobile Phone Communication
(1) Passengers use their mobile phones or smartphones just as they do on the ground - (2) Miniature base station picks up the signal - (3) Signal is processed by the on-board GSM server - (4) Signal is transmitted via satellite - (5) Ground GSM infrastructure processes signal and directs passenger traffic to its destination.
In-Flight Internet Facts
• 52% of people logging onto in-flight Internet do so with a smartphone, while 48% use a tablet or laptop
• Average data consumption per user is slightly below 20MB
• The bulk of usage is focused on social media, news and travel related sites (such as hotel, taxi and restaurant bookings)
• Passengers typically use the Internet during the first half of the flight
• The time of the flight has a significant impact, with 73% of usage being during the daytime
• The length of the flight also has an impact, with 84% of usage on flights of over three hours
NotesHi Readers,
Firstly, I’d like to say thanks for reading this, hope this could help you, and I’m sorry if there is a mistake (Nobody’s perfect anyway ). If you have a question or want to discuss about this don’t hesitate to contact my mail at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected]
I’m compiling this from many resources like SITA whitepaper, ARINC, wikipedia, books, people’s research, articles, etc. I’d read so many resources and it’s making me forget the “real” resources :p. So, I’d like to say thanks to everybody who helps me making this but unfortunately I couldn’t mention it one by one because of that matter.
Thanks once again
THANK YOU
