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Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
Full Report: www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/wasteprevention/greenbuilding.htm
A LIFE CYCLE APPROACH TO WASTE
PREVENTION FROM THE OREGON
RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
SECTOR
Jordan Palmeri
Oregon DEQ
503-229-6766
Research Partners
Jon Dettling
Amanda Pike
Indigo Teiwes
Bruce Sullivan
Bill Jones
Jonathan Balkema
Reviewed
by:
50-member
external advisory
committee
3-member panel
of LCA experts
Arpad Horvath
Greg Keoleian
Tom Gloria
ISO 14040/14044 compliant
2
Waste Disposal and Recovery
2009 Oregon Waste Generation = 4.6 million tons
20-30% of
disposed waste
is construction
debris
7
Initial Study Question
Over the life of a home,
how can you use fewer
building materials or
reuse materials?
9
Waste Prevention Practices Evaluated
Adaptability: Reduced Remodeling
Design using Salvaged Materials
Homeowner Maintenance Training
Restoration
Multifamily Housing
Thermal Curtains
Reusable Packaging
Reduced Packaging
Single-story Homes
Detailed Framing Cut List
Offsite Prefabricated Components
Flashing and Rainscreening
Deconstruction
Durable roofing, siding and flooring
Intermediate Framing
Advanced Floor Framing
Advanced Framing (w/ drywall clips)
Smaller Homes
Insulating Concrete Forms
Structural Insulated Panels
Strawbale w/ timber frame
Adaptability: Design for Disassembly
Adaptability: Utility Chase
Dematerializing and Design for Simplicity
Design using Salvaged Materials
10
Purpose of LCA evaluation is to prioritize these practices
based on environmental benefit.
Lifecycle Analysis (process LCA)
Impact categories (selection):
1. Energy used
2. Greenhouse gas emissions
3. Ecotoxicity
4. Human Health
5. Respiratory
Climate Change Impacts
were used as the prioritizing
criterion in this study.
11
2262 sq.ft
3 br
2 baths
2 car garage
Stem wall foundation
Post and Beam floor system
16inch stud spacing
Vinyl windows
Asphalt roof
Gas furnace, no A/C
Designed to 2008 Oregon
energy code
Energy use modeled for
Portland, OR climate
Standard Home
***Lifetime = 70 years***
12
Evaluating Lifecycle Impacts/Benefits (GHG example)
Lifecycle
Phases
Small
Home
Impacts
Standard
Home
Impact95,500 3,800 8,400 6,900 597,500 -29,400
Material Production
Material Transport
Construction Maintenance Use End of Life
13
74,300 2,900 4,600 3,800 373,900 -24,700
GHG units = KgCO2e
REACH Code
Oregon Building Codes Division
http://www.cbs.state.or.us/bcd/programs/reach.html
Size-based tiers in
residential energy code
Earth Advantage
Revised points
allocation for small homes
Revised material resource
points http://www.earthadvantage.org/
Green Point Rated - California
http://www.builditgreen.org/greenpoint-rated/
Accounts for home size and materials used in home in
scoring
Certification and Labeling programs
• LEED
• Earth Advantage
• Energy Star
• Energy Performance Score
• NAHB Greenbuilding / ICC 700
• Living Building Challenge
Size
directly
addressed
Size not
directly
addressed
• Passive House
Energy Trust of Oregon
http://energytrust.org/residential/
Increased the incentives for
Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU)
Requirements for full “new home” incentives:
• ADU must have its own USPS mailing address separate from main residence
• ADU must receive an Energy Performance Score (full incentive available through EPS)
• ADU must receive its own third party verification
• ADU must be detached from the main residence
• ADU must be intended to be used as a residence
• Detached structure must be permitted as an ADU
• Builder or owner builder must be a trade ally with New Homes program
Energy Trust Incentive Requirements
Photo: Jordan Palmeri
Portland: April 15, 2010 and June 30, 2013
Wilsonville: Permanent
System Development Charge (SDC) waivers
$ 7 – 12K savings
Space-efficient housing workgroup
• Oregon DEQ
• Oregon DLCD
• Metro
• City of Portland
• City of Eugene
• University of Oregon
• Orange Splot, LLC
• Cascadia Region Green Building
Council
• Numerous space-efficient housing
advocates
Drawing: cullygrove.org
Past Events
http://cascadiagbc.org/living-future/12Bus tour
Bike tour
Pedalpalooza bike tour of
ADUs and Tiny Homes
Appraising ADUs – a new method At Metro Building
• Evaluated
– Asphalt vs. Metal roof
– Fiber cement vs. Cedar
– Carpet vs. Wood floor
Durable Materials
Appropriate durability
Granite?
COR-TEN panels?
48
Salvage and Reuse
• Prevents the most waste of any
practice
• Don‟t reuse if energy efficiency if
sacrificed
• Reuse reduces human health and
ecosystem quality impacts more than
climate change and energy use
• Short lived products are ripe for reuse
• Feature reuse – make it sexy
• It can be affordable – but beware of
labor costs
• Keep it local
• High reuse environmental benefits for
wood, metals, insulation, and plastics
51
Wall framing shows that waste prevention is an
incomplete goal
52
Increase waste
generation but decrease
GHG emissions
Example – Reducing embodied
carbon of building products54
35% reduction
achieved by:
•Using wood
floors instead of
carpet
•Reducing drywall
by half and using
wood
wainscoating
•25% less
remodeling or
water damage to
framing and
hardware
•50% reduction in
siding due to
better
maintenance
Reducing material related impacts
Architects/Specifiers: Ask for Environmental Product Declarations (Eco-labels
based on
material specific Product Category Rules)
55
http://architecture2030.org/2030_challenge/2030_challenge_products
GOAL: Reduce the embodied carbon of building
products by 50% by 2030
WA state legislation
• Washington Senate Bill 5485 was signed by Governor
Gregroire in May of 2011. This bill authorizes UW and
WSU to conduct a study into opportunities to integrate the
use of life cycle assessment methodologies to evaluate
the environmental impacts „embodied‟ in building
materials and products and explore the potential of
integrating life cycle assessment methods, data and/or
standards into the state building code.
http://courses.washington.edu/lcaforwa/wordpress/
Thank You!
• Jordan Palmeri
– Oregon DEQ
– 503-229-6766
– http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/wasteprevention/
greenbuilding.htm
57