Project Planning 3

The Logical Framework

Overview of this session

Review project cycle

The LFA process

The Logical Framework

Preparing LF

Using LF to guide M&E

Generic Project Cycle

Identification

Appraisal

Negotiation and Approval

Implementation &Monitoring

Evaluation

Project Cycle Stages:

Identification AppraisalNegotiation and ApprovalImplementation and MonitoringEvaluation and Closure

Developing the Logical Developing the Logical FrameworkFramework

Logical Framework ApproachLogical Framework Approach

In German:

ZOPP (Zielorientierte Projektplanung)

In English:

GOPP- Goal Oriented Project Planning

OOPP- Objective Oriented Project Planning

Organisations Using the Logframe

• USAID, USA

• GTZ, Germany

• DfID, Great-Britain

• NORAD, Norway

• DANIDA, Denmark

• AUSAID, Australia

• Intercooperation, Switzerland

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France

• DGCD, Belgium

• European Commission

• DGCS - Min. of For. Aff., Italy

• ICAX - Min. of Industry, Spain

• SIDA, Sweden

• UNIDO, Vienna

• FINNIDA - Min. of For. Aff., Finland

• HELLASCO, Greece

• WWF

• Int. Federation of Red Cross

• UNDP

• FAO

Logical Framework ApproachLogical Framework Approach

“ a quality-based understanding of planning.. based on a participatory and transparent .. planning process, aimed towards the needs of partners and target groups, in which the key elements of a project are agreed on step by step, in teams, with those concerned, and recorded transparently” (GTZ, 2005)

Logical Framework ApproachLogical Framework Approach

provides a systematic structure for identification, planning, and management of projects o developed in a workshop setting o with principal interest groups.

Advantages of the logical framework

Problems are analysed systematically

The objectives are clear, logical and measurable

The risks and conditions for success of a project are taken into account

There is an objective basis for monitoring and evaluation

Your project proposal will be coherent

The logical framework approach

Decide what you will do

1. Problem

2. Objectives

3. Strategy

Decide how you will do it

4. Logframe

5. Activity planning

6. Resources planning

Analysis phase Planning phase

The logical framework approach

1. Problem analysis: stakeholders, problems, constraints, opportunities, causes and effects.

2. Analysis of objectives: objectives from the problems, relationships from means to ends.

3. Analysis of the strategy: identify the different strategies to achieve objectives (overall objectives and project purpose or specific objective).

Analysis phase

The logical framework approach

4. Logframe: define the project structure, test its logic and set measurable objectives, determine means and cost.

5. Activity planning: plan sequence of activities, time, main stages in the process, responsibility.

6. Resources planning: from the activities, develop inputs and budget.

Planning phase

Logical Framework ApproachLogical Framework Approach

The output is a planning matrix,the logical project framework,which: summarizes and structures the main elements of a project, and:highlights logical linkages between intended inputs, planned activities and expected results. (GTZ)

Pre-project planning

In-house exercise by agency

Participatory Action Research

Situation Analysis o Stakeholder Analysiso Problem Identification: Problem Treeo Objectives Analysiso Alternatives Analysis

Problem Tree

Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholders Key

InterestsImportance to

ProjectInfluence on project

Participation

Primary

Secondary

Project Planning Matrix (PPM)

Logframe, Logical Framework (Analysis), LFA

Table 4 rows and 4 columns: “4x4 matrix”o Ensures clear statement of objectives

(distinction between purpose and objectives)o Introduces indicators of progresso Focuses attention on the assumptions and

risks involved

Activity-OrientedLogical Framework

Goal IndicatorsObjectively Verifiable Indicators (OVIs)

MOVsMeans of Verification

Assumptions Risks

Purpose Indicators MOVs

Outputs Indicators MOVs

Activities

(Inputs)

Indicators “Milestones”

MOVs

What makes the Logical Framework “logical”

and how does this help plan a project?

AssumptionsAssumptions

Something we take to be true.

We expect it will happeno e.g. we expect the sun to rise each morningo assumption: the sun will be in the sky every

dayo This is a safe assumption

Assumption: “we can buy from Thailand supplies like pickups”

o Is this safe?

‘‘Logic Model’Logic Model’

The core of the Logical Framework is the "logic model".

This takes the form of a series of statements:

o If these Activities are done, and these Assumptions are true, then these Outputs will be delivered

o If these Outputs are delivered, and these Assumptions are true, then this Purpose will be achieved.

o If this Purpose is achieved, and these Assumptions are true, then this Goal will be achieved.

Logic of the FrameworkLogic of the Framework

INPUTS

ACTIVITIES

OUTPUTS

PURPOSE

GOAL

Activities lead to outputs IF…

Outputs lead to Purpose IF…

Purpose leads to Goal IF…

ASSUMPTIO

NS

We must make some assumptions

“IF …. THEN ….”

Logic of the FrameworkLogic of the Framework

Overall objective

Results

Activities

+

+

+

Assumptions

Assumptions

Assumptions

Conditions

Project Purpose

Take a breakTake a break

Writing a Log Frame

Exercise

Choose a project

Volunteer(s) to write on flip chart

We will write a Logframe as we goo Just one sample point in each boxo Write when you see

Step OneStep One

Top Down

Write the o Goalo Purposeo Outputso Activitieso Inputs

Logframe Step One

Goal

o also Development Objective, Development Purpose or effective objective

o A high ideal, resulting from development vision

o Fits the wider context of the programme structure

o Beyond control of project but project contributes directly to it

Logframe Step One

Purpose (Objective)o Statement of specific achievement for the projecto Within project scopeo Should be realistic given available resourceso Should be measurable: who will be reached, what

will change, when and where it will occuro Verbs: decrease, increase, improve, enhance,

strengthen…

Adjectives for measurable change: more, longer, greater…

Logframe Step One

Outputs – specific project outputs

Activities – the project strategy

Inputs – what is needed (include a summary of the budget)

Step TwoStep Two

Work Across

Measurable Indicators

Means of Verification

Indicators and Verification

Measurable Indicators

o QQT: Quality, Quantity and Timing

o what, how much, when

o Don’t confuse indicators with outputs

• Output –TBAs trained in new method

• Indicator - number of TBAs correctly using new method

Means of Verification

o How will you measure the indicator

Step Two

Step ThreeStep Three

Work Up

Assumptions and Risks

o All the external factors out of your control

Assumptions and Risks Step Three

Assumption: “we can get permission to visit villages 6 times”

o Is this a safe assumption?o If not, it becomes a Risk.

A Risk requires analysis:o Is it likely?o How much will it impact our project?

Contingency Plan

Logical Framework Basic PrinciplesBasic Principles

It should be concise. Normally not more than two sides of paper.

It should be a free-standing document - clear when you read it for the first time. Avoid acronyms, jargon &c.

If beneficiaries are included in the project, they should also help design the Logical Framework.

It is a basis for monitoring and evaluation later. So it must be kept under regular review and amended whenever the project changes course.

CATWOE TestCATWOE Test

Customer for the project (Who pays?)

Agents for the project (who does what?)

Transformation the project intends to achieve

Worldview or major assumption of the change (development hypothesis)

Owner of the project (who are the beneficiaries)

Environmental Constraints (natural, social, political, economic) facing the project

A New Method you may see

Results-Oriented Logical Framework

Results-Based Management (RBM)

modify the logical framework to be more "results-oriented" and less input-oriented.

o Change some columns

Results-Oriented Logical Framework

Narrative Summary

Expected Results

Performance Measurement

Assumptions/ Risk

Goal Impact Indicators

Purpose Outcome

Resources Outputs More detail on a More detail on a PMF (next slide)PMF (next slide)

Performance Monitoring Framework

Outcome Output Performance Indicator

Method of Verification

Discussion

Questions and follow ups

Feedback

Thank youThank you

GrKuNGrKuN

Produced by Tony Hobbs

Health Unlimited,

Ratanakiri, Cambodia

www.healthunlimited.org

With the support of Australian Volunteers Internationalwww.australianvolunteers.com

© 2009 HU. Use with Acknowledgement