CHAPTER 39Rebirth and Revolution:

Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

World Civilization: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements II. Japan, IncorporatedIII. Mao's China and Beyond IV. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

Korea dividedRussian, American zone

TaiwanChinese occupationChiang Kai-shekReoccupation of some areas

Japan occupied by United States

A. New Divisions and the End of Empires

Postwar decolonizationU.S. loses PhilippinesDutch: IndonesiaBritish: Malaya

Chiang, Guomintangdriven to Taiwan

The Pacific Rim Area by 1960

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

B. Japanese Recovery

American occupationends, 1952

Democratizationwomen get the voteunions encouragedShintoism disestablishedland redistributionnew constitutionmodified, 1963

Liberal Democratic Party, 1955

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

C. Korea: Intervention and War

NorthcommunistKim Il-Sung, to 1994

SouthSyngman Rheeparliamentary government

North invades South, 1950U.S. leads UN effortChina supports North1953, armistice

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. East Asia in the Postwar Settlements

D. Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore

TaiwanGuomindang retreats to TaiwanU.S. Support

Hong KongBritish colonyChinese control, 1997

Singaporeindependence, 1965

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Japan, Incorporated

A. Japan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style

Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993corruption raises questionsCultural continuityHiraoka Kimitokenationalist

B. The Economic SurgeCompany unionscooperation between management, labor

Womentraditional attitudes

Popular cultureWestern influence

Political change

C. The Pacific Rim: New Japans?Follow Japanese model

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Japan, Incorporated

D. The Korean Miracle

South KoreaChung-hee, 1961-1979military loses powermore open press, political actionnew companiesHyundai

E. Advances in Taiwan and the City-States

Taiwanrapid economic growthmore contact with China, other

neighborsDeath of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978gap narrows between China and Taiwan

Singaporesimilar to TaiwanLee Kuan Yewauthoritarian rulereturned to China, 1997

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. Japan, Incorporated

F. Common Themes and New Problems

Common culturegroup loyalty stronger than

individualismConfucianism important in economic

developmentbenefit from Japanese influence

Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Mao's China and Beyond

Chiang Kai-shek

Japanese invasionallies with CommunistsGuomindang's position

lessenedpartly due to military defeatCommunism popularMao gaining power by 1945Defeat of Japan, 1949Communists ascendant

China in the Years of Japanese Occupation and Civil War

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Mao's China and Beyond

A. The Communists Come to PowerSecession movementsInner Mongolia, Tibet

Korean WarChina supports divisionVietnamsupport liberationAlliance with Soviet Unioncollapses by late 1950sborder disputespost-Stalin changesWar with India

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Mao's China and Beyond

B. Planning for Economic Growth and Social Justice

Land reformFirst five-year plan, 1953Mass Line approach, 1955agricultural cooperativesfarming through collectives from 1956Purge of intellectuals, 1957

C. The Great Leap Backward

The Great Leap Forward, 1958based on peasant communespeasants un-cooperativefamineended by 1960Mao no longer state chairmanstill head of Central Committeereplaced by pragmatistsZhou Enlai, Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Mao's China and Beyond

D. "Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens"

Mao and Jiang QingGuomindangnot supportive of women's

rightsCommunist promisinglegal equaliltywork outside the homeopportunities increase

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Mao's China and Beyond

E. Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four

Cultural Revolution, 1965Zhou Enlai

into seclusionLiu Shaoqui

killedDeng Xiaoping

emprisonedended, 1968

Gang of FourJiang Qingopposed by Dengdefeated by pragmatistsimprisoned

Pragmatistsmore open to West, capitalism

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

Frenchinterest since 1600shope to convert to CatholicismTayson peasant rebellion, 1770sNguyen, Trinh dynasties outFrench back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)unification by 1802new capital at Hue

Minh Mangpersecution of Vietnamese Catholics

French intervene, 1840sVietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by

1890sNguyen as puppets

French takeoverdiscredits emperor, bureaucracy,

Confucianism

Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

A. Vietnamese Nationalism: Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist

Survival

French influenceWestern-educated middle classVietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)from 1920srepressed, 1929Communist the focus of resistancecrushed by Frenchaided by CominternJapan occupies Vietnam, 1941

B. The War of Liberation against the French

Viet Minhcommunist-dominated resistanceVo Nguyen Giapproclaims independence, 1945only in NorthWarFrench defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954Geneva conference promises elections

Chapter 39: Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. Colonialism and Revolution in Vietnam

C. The War of Liberation Against the United States

Communists v. United StatesSouthNgo Dinh Diem, presidentfights communists (Viet Cong)Northsupports Viet CongUnited Statessupports military overthrow of Diemwithdraws, 1970sCommuniststake South Vietnam

D. After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam

DifficultiesU.S. blocks international aidreprisalsEconomy more open in 1980sbetter relations with U.S.