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3 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT ON ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE James Lapalme PhD.

3 Schools of Thought Presentation

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the presentation that I gave to the EARF community on the 30th of January 2012

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Page 1: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

3 SCHOOLS OF

THOUGHT ON

ENTERPRISE

ARCHITECTURE

James Lapalme PhD.

Page 2: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

I’m a researcher and consultant

Roles EA - 2006 (6yrs)

SA - 2003 (9yrs)

DEV - 1999 (13 yrs)

Sectors Banking/Investment

Transportation

Utilities

Telecom

E-Learning

PhD, MSc and BSc In Comp. Sci. University of Montréal Software Engineering and Heterogonous Systems Design

MA In Human Systems Intervention Concordia University Organizational Effectiveness, Learning and Transformation

Experience Education

Page 3: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

I’m interested in Praxis

"There is nothing so practical as a

good theory.“ - Kurt Lewin

"If you want truly to understand

something, try to change it.“ - Kurt

Lewin

Page 4: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Warning : Language assumption!

Enterprise = Organization

All organization have an enterprise; all

enterprises are untaken by an organization.

IT = IS

In Canada, few distinguish between IT and IS.

Page 5: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Why : Explore, Explain and

Provoke

IT Challenges EA Challenges

Source: Standish 2009

• Misalignment with business objectives

• Low interdepartmental communication

• Resources Constraints

• High environmental change

• Low engagement

• Cultural gap between IT and business

• Lack of knowledge

• Motivation Source: Sung-Ong 2002

• Understanding of EA value • Politics and organisational silos • Cultural issues • Misunderstanding of business

objectives and strategies • Engagement Source: Gartner 2010

• 1% are hostile • 13% ignore • 32% unaware • 39% accepted as « TI stuff » • 15% actively supported

Source: Forrester 2010

High

Failure

Rate!

No

Support!

People & Organisational

Issues!

People & Organisational

Issues!

Page 6: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Belief Systems

“Everybody has beliefs !”

© 2012 James Lapalme

Page 7: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

3 Schools Of Thought on EA

Non-IT

Strategy

EA

IT Strategy

Environment

Enterprise

Strategy Execution

HR Strategy

Operations Strategy

Financial Strategy

Other Strategies

IT Strategies

EA EA

Enterprise IT Architecture

IT-Business Strategy Aligment

Enterprise Integration

Enterprise Strategy Execution

Enterprise Ecological Adaption

Enterprise Learning and Sustainability

Page 8: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

EEA

EIE

EITA

IT & Non-IT

Strategy

Alignment

Strategy &

Execution

Alignment

Strategy Formulation &

Execution

Alignment

IT

Enterprise

Enterprise-in-

environment

Page 9: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Alternative Views

Mechanistic

Systemic

Closed

System

Open

System

EEA EI

EITA EEA

EI

EITA

Non-IT

Strategy

Alignment

Non-IT Strategy

Execution

Alignment

Non-IT

Strategy

Formulation

IT

Strategy

Alignment

IT Strategy

Execution

Alignment

IT Strategy

Formulation

Page 10: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Overview – Belief Systems

Page 11: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

EITA Beliefs

• Reductionism

• Closed System

• Determinism

• Universalism

Page 12: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

EI Beliefs

• Holism

• Closed System

• Determinism

• Universalism

Page 13: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

EEA Beliefs

• Holism

• Open System

• Indeterminism

• Contextualism

Page 14: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Overview – Insights & Limitations

Page 15: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

What was this about again ?

This is not about Enterprise Architecture;

this is about Enterprise Architects!

Page 16: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Future - KPIs

School Objectif KPIs

EITA

IT Cost Reduction Reduction in IT Recurring Costs

Model Creations

Business Enablement

Delivered Solutions (BC)

Business Appreciation of IT foresight

Quicker Delivery

IT Portfolio Management

Operation Execution Identification and Solutioning of ongoing IT problems

EI

Effective Strategy Implementation Holistic Solutions

Implementation Oversight

Organizational Coherency

Identification and Assessment on Incoherencies

Work Statisfaction

Resolution of Incoherencies

EEA

Innovation New products and Services

New ideas

Organizational Coherency

Identification and Assessment on Incoherencies

Work Statisfaction

Resolution of Incoherencies

Coevolution

Identification of Opportunities

Intervention on Opportunities

Continous Growth

Sustainable Growth (triple bottom line)

Page 17: 3 Schools of Thought Presentation

Questions ?