2nd international sym. final abdelbagi

Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot

irrigated environments

Abdelbagi M. Ali1, 2, Izzat S.A. Tahir2, Abdalla M.A. Kurmut2, Sufian M. Suliman2,

Nasrein M.K. Omer2 , Tahani Y. Elagib2 , Pierre Lagoda1 and Brian Forster1

1. Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency - P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria

2. Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 121, Wad Medani, Sudan

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Contents

• Introduction to the Division NAFA of IAEA• TC projects for NA• Projects related to mutation breeding for

resistance to wheat rust diseases• Progress made and out come• Conclusion/way forward

International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Corporate Mission

Atomic energy for peace, health and

prosperity

Sustainable agricultural development, improved

nutrition and food security

to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and biotechnology

Division of NAFA

Nuclear Techniques

Insect Pest Control

by Sterile Insect and Related Biological Techniques

Plant Breeding & Genetics

by Mutation Techniques

Animal Production & Health

by Serological and Molecular Techniques

Soil & Water Management& Crop Nutrition

by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques

Food & Environmental Safety

by Food Irradiation and Radio- analytical Techniques

Feedback

TechnologyTransfer

96 Member States served

CRP & TCP(7) (65)


Mandate

Plant Breeding and Genetics

To improve national capacities in plant mutation breeding, especially in developing countries:

Mutation inductionMutation detectionMutant line development (pre-breeding)

and other enabling technologies

Radio-sensitivity test to optimum dosey = -0.208x + 112.3

R² = 0.942

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0 100 200 300 400 500 600

See

dli

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hei

gh

t as

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tag

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Doses (Gy)

Stimulation

Induction

Genes studies


12-15% Moisture

100% moisture


Generating and identifying mutants

5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0

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Time (min)

Inte

nsity

(mV)

Mutation

Hin a Studies, Fluorescence

Hin a 96 Hin a 72 Hin a 48 Hin a 32 Hin a 24 Hin a 16

Hin a 10 Hin a 8

Hin a 6 Hin a 4

Hin a 2 Hin a WT

Hin a Hom

MutagenictreatmentMo seed

M1 plants M2, M3 … ..

Genotyping

Seed resource ofidentified mutants

Phenotyping


Mutant line development

Identified mutant

Check BGSAD for potential alleles Rounds of selfing

Cross to reference genotype

Produce segregating population

Bulk segregant analysis

Fine Map

Candidates via synteny

Validation

Adaptive backcross to elite line

Varietal development

Varietal development

Recurrent parent

Donor mutant

F1

BC1

BC2

BC3

BCn

Backcross inbred lines

Selfing

DH, MM, Rapid cycling

DH, MM, Rapid cycling

FAST SLOW

Homozygous mutant lines

Mutant induction

Accelerated mutation breeding by combinations of DH, MM and short crop cycle

Repeated generation

cycles (5-6/year)


Successes in plant mutation breeding

3218 registered mutant varieties in 214 plant sp.Majority (> 80%) have been developed by nuclear techniquesMost are food security crops

Legumes 492 Others 378

Cereals 1589

Flowers 642

Oil crops 110

INT5150 (2009-2013)Wheat Stem Rust

SECOND DEFENSE LINE: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia

BACK UP DEFENSE LINE: Pakistan, South Africa

LOGISTICS SUPPORT: Australia, Austria, Italy, Mexico, Syria, USAFIRST DEFENSE LINE: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen

SUGGESTED ADD. PARTNERS: India, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia

IMPORTANT WHEAT PRODUCING AREAS

Technology TransferCapacity Building

Networking 300 000 M2 and M3

Autors (in alphabetical order): (11)Al-Bokari M., (9)Al-Maawali Q. S. A., (9)Al-Mutasim Al-Busaidi R., (11)Al-Salman A., (14)Arabi M. I. E., (10)Arain M. A., (15)Ben Chedli Trifa Y., (1)Benbelkacem A., (3)Bhagwat S. G., (3)Bhavani S., (1)Djenadi C., (8)El Amil R., (2)Elsayed S. S., (14)Ghannam A., (10)Hussain M., (10)Khanzada S. K., (11)Khashoggi A., (7)Kimurto P. K., (7)Kinyua M. G., (7)Kiplagat O., (12)Le Roux J., (21)Li C., (22)Liu L., (13)Mohamed G., (4)Mostafavi H. A., (2)Moustafa R. A. K., (13)Mukhtar A. A. G., (7)Mutui T. M., (15)Rezgui S., (18)Saif A., (6)Shakhatreh Y., (20)Singh D., (16)Tutluer M. I., (17)Wagoire W. W., (19)Yahyaoui A., (5)Younus M. & (23)Lagoda P. J. L.

(1)Algeria (2)Egypt (3)India(4)Iran(5)Iraq (6)Jordan (7)Kenya(8)Lebanon (9)Oman(10)Pakistan (11)Saudi Arabia

(12)South Africa(13)Sudan (14)Syrian Arab Republic (15)Tunisia (16)Turkey (17)Uganda (18)Yemen (19)ICARDA, Syrian Arab Republic(20)CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya (21)Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia(22)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)(23)FAO/IAEA, Austria (Luxembourg)

SCREENING PROTOCAL FOR M2 - M3 AND M4 1. To avoid escape from rust plant, screen M2 – M3 and M4 2. Use all known pathotype in inoculum 3. Use three highly adopted lines as check (susceptible in your area). 4. Planting dates two 1) Normal 2) Date for rust screening

Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00 Sr 31 oooooooooooooooooooo 00

Sr 24 oooooooooooooooooooo 00 Sr 36 oooooooooooooooooooo 00

Check (1) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (2) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00

M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00

10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (3) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00

M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 - - - To develop proper rust infection Inoculate your materials in the evening (by spraying). Mix all virulence in equal proportions. 1gm of rust spores is sufficient for inoculation of one hectare. Take notes / observations when checks and isogenic lines give you maximum rating (above

505). Collect inoculum for next year. Separate and maintain for the conformation of mutants

selected.

Screening Protocol for M2, M3 and M4 Eldoret, Kenya

Screen House : M3 and M4 (inoculum spray)

Selections screening of mutants per country.

COUNTRY Selection R MR MS

Algeria Bulk (M2) 1 13 8 Australia Bulk (M2) 3 5 Egypt Bulk (M4) 6 10

India Bulk (M2) 10 Iran Bulk (M2) 5 6 Iraq Bulk (M4) 1 9

Kenya Pedigree (M7) 8 5 5

Lebanon Bulk (M4) 6 5

Bulk (M2) 1 8 Pakistan Bulk (M4) 3

South Africa Bulk (M2) 31 60 Sudan Bulk (M2) 16 84 Syria Bulk (M2) 1 24 3 Turkey Main Tillers (M2) 4 Uganda Bulk (M5) 1 11 2

Yemen Bulk (M4) 1 3 4

Bulk (M2) 8 5 TOTALS 13 132 231

4 resistant mutant linesSubmitted to National

Performance Trials

Screening workshop

Phenotype of resistant mutants and susceptible wild wheat genotypes (Eldoret, Kenya )

Photographs courtesy of Amos Ego

Wild parent

Wild parent

Wild parent

Resistant mutant

Resistant mutant Moderately

resistant mutant

Visual and diseases scores for M5 lines in two populations at the two

testing sites; Wad Medani and New Halfa., Sudan 2012

Visual Scores 1

Wad Medani

New Halfa

Disease1 Scores

Stem rust

Leaf rust

0 Poor 221 277 R-trR 256 6

√ Acceptable 136 125 trR-MR 154 45

* Good 73 62 MR-MS 68 84

** Very good 61 32 MS-S 19 311

*** Excellent 7 2 S 3 54

Total 498 498 Total 500 500

1R= resistant, tr= trace infection, MR= moderately resistant, MS= Moderately susceptible, S= susceptible

Visual scoring in both sites while the diseases scoring was at New Halfa Research Station

• Genetic Stockso Major gene resistance typeo Minor gene resistance type

• Released mutant variety-Kenya• Advance lines (6) With high yield and resistance to

stem and leaf rust (Sudan)

Future outlook• Release mutant varieties• Identify/characterize genes/alleles• Develop Molecular markers• Utilize the resistance source in backcross breeding• Expand the work for resistance to stripe rust

Opportunity for collaborations

Conclusion

Thanks for your attentio

n

Business

2nd international sym. final abdelbagi