Tire Technology

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ContentsIntroduction

History of tires

Tire Terminology

Types of tires

Tire Patterns

Tire Markings

Tire Composition

Manufacturing of tires

Modern type Tires

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IntroductionWhat is Tire?

A tire is a ring-shaped vehicle component that covers

the wheel's rim to protect it and enable better vehicle

performance

Tire’s contribution in automobiles is the most

important features of its performance

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History

The earliest tires were bands of leather

First tire was invented in 1888 John Boyd Dunlop

The Vulcanization of natural rubber which he patented in

1844 is credited to Charles Goodyear and Robert William

Thomson

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Tire Terminology

Components of tires

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Tyre Types

According to the tread pattern design we classified tires

- into three types

1)Summer tires - They deliver excellent driving and

braking performance on wet and dry

roads

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Cont…

2)Winter tires – Specifically for the snow and ice covered

roads

3)All season tires – More complex tread pattern

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Cont…Types of tires

A. Pneumatic: A flexible, hollow rubber tire

B. Retreads : Pneumatic tires which inspection

have been buffed down to remove

all elements of the tread

C. Semi Pneumatic Tires: Hollow tires which

are not pressurized

D. Solid: Manufactured from solid rubber

E. Cushion Tires: Similar in construction to a

solid tires

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Cont…

Further we can divide tires as

1.Street tires – Normal tires

2.Off road tires - Used in mud or dirt feature

3.Mountain bike tires – Similar to off-road tires

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Tire Patterns

Tread - The word tread is often used casually to

refer to the pattern of grooves molded into

the rubber

Tread Design

Groove:- The groove is the hollow part or the

tread

Pitch:- A small tread at the edge

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Cont…

Patterns of tires

Rib shape:- As the name implies the design of this pattern is

like a rib shape

Asymmetric pattern:- Asymmetric tyres haven a different tread

design on the inside to the outside

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Cont…

Block shape:- This type of pattern as the name suggests has

a block shape design

Zigzag shape:- This is a classic tread design for a van

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Cont…

Symmetric Tread Pattern:-A symmetric tread pattern has

continuous ribs across the entire tread

surface

Directional tread pattern:-Directional tyres are constructed to

perform only when they are mounted to

turn in the right direction

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Tire Markings

SIDEWALL MARKINGS

Most tires are described by an alphanumeric tire code

which is generally molded into the sidewall of the tire

This code specifies the dimensions of the tyres and

some of its key limitations , such as load bearing

ability, and maximum speed

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Tire Composition

They are made up of numerous different rubber compounds, many

different types of carbon black, fillers like clay and silica, and

chemicals & minerals added to allow or accelerate vulcanization

The tyres also have several types of

fabric for reinforcement and several

kinds and sizes of steel

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Manufacturing

Pneumatic tires are manufactured in about 450 tire factories around

the world

Over one billion tires are manufactured annually, making the

tire industry a major consumer of natural rubber

The top five tire manufacturing companies by revenue

are Bridgestone, Michelin, Goodyear, Continental,

and Pirelli

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Modern Tyres

Proper vehicle safety requires specific attention to inflation

pressure, tread depth, and general condition of the tires

Run-flat tires have been the big news in recent years. These have

brought big safety benefits, as they let motorists carry on driving

even when the tire is punctured

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