Reducing Air Pollution in China through Greener Freight!

Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Presented at Transforming Transportation 2014!

!   Robert Earley!!   Transport Program Manager, Clean Air Asia!

Reducing Air Pollution in China through Greener Freight

Robert Earley Transport Program Manager Clean Air Asia Rob.earley@cleanairasia.org

17 January 2014 Transforming Transportation Washington D.C.

3  

Diesel exhausts cause cancer

Image source: The Atlantic. HTTP://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/01/chinas-toxic-sky/100449

Particulate matter is killing millions

900+ µg/m3 PM2.5

4  

Diesel exhausts cause cancer

Image source: The Atlantic. HTTP://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2013/01/chinas-toxic-sky/100449

Particulate matter is killing millions

30+ µg/m3 PM2.5

“Outdoor air pollution ranked 4th in mortality and health burden in East Asia (China and North Korea) where it contributed to 1.2 million deaths in 2010” --Health Effects Institute, Based on Global Burden of Disease Report

900+ µg/m3 PM2.5

Poor air quality: 7 of 10 cities in developing Asia

6  

5  

31  

36  

89  

58  

26  

10  

9  

20  

19  

Ci&es  developing  Asia  

Ci&es  developed  Asia  

20-30

30-50

50-70

70-100

<20

100-150

>150

WHO Interim Target 1 70 µg/m3

WHO Air Quality Guideline 20 µg/m3

PM10 annual average concentrations µg/m3

Compiled by Clean Air Asia from multiple sources

The importance of transport

●  Vehicles  contribute  22-­‐34%  of  PM2.5  in  Chinese  megaci&es  and  30%  of  NOx  in  China,  but:  •  Actual  impacts  much  higher  when  considering  secondary  polluFon  •  Roadside  exposure  much  higher  in  dense  urban  areas  

Trans-­‐boundary  

20%  

Vehicles  25%  

Power  produc&on  

and  industrial  boilers  21%  

Construc&on  and  road  dust  10%  

Industrial  Processes  

15%  Other  9%  

Shanghai  PM2.5  sources  

Trans-­‐boundary  Pollu&on  25%  

Vehicles  22%  

Coal  Combus&on  (power  plant  and  other)  

17%  

Road  dust  16%  

Industrial  VOCs  16%  

Biomass  burning  4%  

Beijing  PM  2.5  Sources  

Source: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Michael Walsh

…especially diesel trucks!Diesel trucks are just 5% of China’s vehicle fleet

But they emit 61% of all vehicular particulate matter (79% with buses)

World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer (WHO-IARC)

June 2012

Small  passenger  

3%  

Heavy  duty  freight  61%  

Large  passenger  

18%  

Medium  duty  freight  8%  

Light  duty  freight  9%  

Micro  freight  0%  

Mid-­‐size  passenger  

1%  

Source  of  PM  Emission  by  Vehicle  Type  

Small  passenger  

74%  Micro  

passenger  4%  

Heavy  duty  freight  5%  

Large  passenger  

1%  

Medium  duty  freight  3%  

Light  duty  freight  11%  

Micro  freight  0%  

Mid-­‐size  passenger  

2%  

China  Vehicle  PopulaFon  by  Vehicle  Type  

Source: MEP, A.C Kerney, 2011

Diesel exhausts cause cancer and climate change

Logistics Cost as Percentage of GDP

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Logistics cost relative to GDP highest in developing Asia: greater risks of fuel security and prices

7.2% 8.3% 9.0%12.5% 14.2%

17.8%

24.0%

Source: GFAN Study Macro economical indicators, 2013

EU US Japan Korea, India China Indonesia

What is Green Freight?

•  Truck  and  fuel  standards  and  technologies  

•  Data  improvements  for  logis&cs  efficiency  

•  Na&onal  government  policies,  incen&ves  and  recogni&on  programs  

•  Finance  accessibility  for  truck  and  fleet  upgrades  

•  Intense  private  sector  par&cipa&on  by  carriers  as  well  as  shippers  

Green Freight Programs Across Asia

●  Small   pilot   trucks   project   in   Guangzhou  2008-­‐2009  •  Reque s t ed   b y   l o c a l   g o ve r nmen t   f o r  

environmental  concerns  •  Tire  and  aerodynamics  technologies  tested  on  14  

trucks  in  three  truck  fleets    

Proof of concept and confidence building

11  

Truck  Type   Long  Haul   Short  Haul   Short  Haul  

Technologies  Tested  

Low  Resistance  Tires,  Tire  Pressure  

Monitoring  System  ,  Aluminium  Rims,  Gap  Fairing,  Nosecone,  

Trailer  Skirts  

Low  Resistance  Tires,  Tire  Pressure  

Monitoring  System  

Low  Resistance  Tires,  Tire  Pressure  

Monitoring  System  

Actual  Saving  (%)   6.70%   1.80%   18.50%  

Payback  Year   2.74   3.97   0.65  

Guangdong Green Freight Demonstration Project

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$14  million  –  1200  trucks    • Long-­‐term  goal:  Reduce  the  road  freight  emission  in  

Guangdong  by  10%    • Avoid  38,650  tons  using  green  freight  truck  technology  

• Avoid  55,270  tons  through  “drop  and  hook  logisFcs”  project  

• Avoid  72,069  tons  through  logisFcs  brokerage  

• The  total  fuel  savings  amount  to  approx  64  million  liters  of  Diesel  

Green Freight in China

Guangdong Province

Ministry of Transport Ministry of Environment

Draft Green Freight China Standards

2013  China  Green  Freight  IniFaFve  ●    Drab  Standards  Released  

CGFI  Green  Freight  Vehicle  Standard   CGFI  Green  Freight  Enterprise  Standard    

•  Fuel  economy  requirements  •  Emission  standard  requirements  •  Loading  mass  uFlity  factor  standard  •  Energy  saving  technology  

installa&on  and  use  (based  on  MoT  catalogue  of  clean  technologies  for  trucks)  

•  Size  and  reliability  of  fleet  •  Dispatch  efficiency  •  RaFo  of  drop-­‐and-­‐hook  business  •  Progress  towards  ‘modern’  logisFcs  •  Fleet-­‐wide  fuel  consumpFon  •  Use  of  navigaFon  equipment,  recommended  

truck  models  and  recommended  technologies  •  Etc.  

http://cleanairinitiative.org/portal/node/11905

Founding Members:

Newest Members:

By awarding contracts to “Green Freight Labeled” carriers, a manufacturer receives Green Freight labels for its products

Consumers, investors, insurance companies, etc. can make informed product decisions

More effort, more leaves:

DRAFT Framework

•  Fleets and governments

are starting to use

sophisticated tracking

and control systems for

trucks

•  Over 20,000 trucks are

monitored in the Yangtze

River Delta Region

GPS, GIS and Mobile Data for Freight

Coming: Port and logistics data platforms

Platform Trucks

Airlines

Ports

Freight Forwarders

Railroads

Manufacturers Supply Chain Players �

Shippers Warehouses

Yards etc.

Carriers

Inspection

Other Int’l Platforms

Regional Info. Platforms

Financial organizations

Marine Shippers

How can complex monitoring systems optimize multimodal logistics, Customs clearance and at the same time reduce emissions?

Linking Green Freight Cities

Conclusions

● Freight  is  a  huge  issue  for  air  pollu&on  and  climate  change  in  Asia  •  It  is  also  a  significant  economic  issue  

● Asian  governments  are  eager  to  make  green  freight  work  –  but  need  support  

● Green  Freight  needs  to  work  for  the  private  sector  –  policy  is  not  enough  

China  .  India  .  Indonesia  .  Nepal  .  Pakistan  .  Philippines  .  Sri  Lanka  .  Vietnam  

 

   

center@cleanairasia.org  Unit  3505  Robinsons  Equitable  Tower  

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china@cleanairasia.org  901A  Reignwood  Building,    

No.  8  YongAnDongLi    Jianguomenwai  Avenue  Beijing    

China  

Clean  Air  Asia  China  Office    

   

india@cleanairasia.org  1st  Floor,  Building  No.  4  

Thyagraj  Nagar  Market,    Lodhi  Colony    New  Delhi  110003    

India  

 

Clean  Air  Asia  India  Office  

Clean  Air  Asia  Country  Networks  

21  

Clean  Air  Asia    Center  Members  

 •  Shell  •  Asia  Clean  Fuels  Associa&on  

•  Corning  

245  Clean  Air  Asia    Partnership  Members  

•  Ci&es  •  Environment  ministries  and  government  agencies  

•  Development  agencies  and  founda&ons  •  Non-­‐government  organiza&ons  •  Academic  and  research  ins&tu&ons  •  Private  sector  companies  and  associa&ons  

Donors  in  2012  to  2013  Asian  Development  Bank  l  Ci&es  Development  Ini&a&ve  for  Asia  l  ClimateWorks  Founda&on  l   DHL/IKEA/UPS   l   Energy   Founda&on   l   Fredskorpset   Norway   l   Fu   Tak   Iam   Founda&on   l  German   Interna&onal   Coopera&on   (GIZ)   l     Ins&tute   for   Global   Environmental   Strategies  (IGES)  l  Ins&tute  for  Transport  Policy  Studies  l  Ins&tute  for  Transporta&on  and  Development  Policy   l   Interna&onal   Union   for   Conserva&on   of   Nature   l   L'Agence   Française   de  Développement   (AFD)   l   MAHA   l   Pilipinas   Shell   l   Rockefeller   Brothers   Fund   l   Shak&  Founda&on  l    Shell  Founda&on  l  United  Na&ons  Environment  Program  Partnership  for  Clean  Fuels  and  Vehicles  (UNEP  PCFV)  l  USAID  CEnergy  l  Veolia  l  World  Bank  

For  more  informa&on:  www.cleanairasia.org  For  more  informaFon:  www.cleanairasia.org