NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Drive Cycle Data-Focused Tools: Matching the Right Technology

to the Right Application

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NAFA Smart Alt Fuel and Tech Choice Workshop

April 25, 2013

Kevin Walkowicz

Background: Lots of Work by the DOE and National Labs to Collect, Analyze and Report on

Newly Deployed Advanced Technology

Buy it, then try it: Evaluations of

newly deployed technology are

very useful, but are a backward

looking approach

Try it before you buy it. Simulate it:

Evaluate by looking forward….simulation and

modeling has been done before , but good data

is needed for accurate assessment.

Refined Data to Make Informed Decisions

• Drive-Cycle/Duty-Cycle

Data• Speed

– Acceleration

– Miles

– hours driven

• Grade & payload

• Power take off,

auxiliary loads

• Operating-Condition Data• Temperature, humidity

• Payload

• Vocational Analysis /

Database• Route, fleet averages

• Situational Modeling and

Simulation• Sensitivity studies

• Placement optimization

• Expected performance

Data in… Information out…

• Online Resources• Clean Cities

• Alternative Fuels Data

Center

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future

Drive Cycle will Influence:

1. Fuel economy

2. Component life

3. Life cycle costs/payback

4. Optimal placement of

vehicles for maximum

ROI

Understand the Duty Cycle = Understand the Technology: aero

devices, low rolling resistance tires, engine sizing, transmission

options, light-weighting, battery usage, driver feedback, etc.

1. Collect In-Use Data:

•Acquire Field Data

•Process Data:

•DRIVETM

•FAT (Fleet Analysis Tool)

•Compile & Summarize:

•Fleet DNA

3. Validate in Laboratory:

•Validate field data in a controlled setting

•Quantify emissions and fuel consumption

•Explore limits, assess changes to system

2. Analyze and Simulate:

•Utilize User Specific Field Data

•Vehicle Simulation:

•FASTSim

•Autonomie

•Benefit Analysis:

•best technology for specific application

An Approach to Assess New Technology

Easily process data: DRIVE

Compile and Compare to Industry: Fleet DNA

Perform Simulations on Daily Operational Data: FASTSim

Understanding Vocational Behavior: Fleet DNA

Online vocational database of vehicle-use information

• Phase 1: Pre-Sorted data sets: • Phase 2: Sortable Data Sets:

User can custom sort and graph:

• Class

• Vocation

• Fuel Type (or drivetrain)

• Region (4)

• Sub-region (based on census map)

Fleet DNA Benefits

• OEMs– Better understanding of

customer-use profiles

• Fleets– Determine maximum ROI

from investment

• Funding agencies– Optimize impact of

financial incentive offers

• Researchers– Data source for modeling

and simulation

Fleet DNA features:

• Aggregated and anonymous

data– Fleets are not identified

• 20-plus high-value metrics

• Data products for each

vocation

• Data for industry drive-cycle

development

Example Data Output of Fleet DNA: Phase I

• Data products that visualize and calculate vehicle use

patterns

• Visualizations that show data variability

• Data analysis enables calculated decision making

Fleet DNA Data Sets

9

• Class 4-6 Delivery Vans Parcel, food, uniform

• Class 3-4 Light Aerials Telecom service

• Class 5-6 AerialUtilities

• Class 3 Service VansTelecom

•

• Class 8 Tractor Trailers Beverage delivery

• Class 6 Box Trucks In-city delivery

• EV MD Delivery Vans Multiple uses

• Class 8 OTR Tractor

Trailers

• Transit Buses

• Shuttle Buses Airport, specialty

• Refuse Trucks Multiple types

• Tow Trucks

• Class 8 OTR Tractor

Trailers

• Transit Buses

• Shuttle Buses

• Refuse Trucks

• Tow Trucks

• High PTO Use Work Trucks

DOE’s Data Priorities: • National fuel consumption

• Payback/ROI success

• Scalable or transferable technology

Drive-cycle Rapid Investigation, Visualization and Evaluation Tool (DRIVETM)

• Created to help fleets and

OEMs analyze vehicle

usage data for proper

vehicle placement, design

and testing

• Combines large amounts

of user data then filters,

creates new cycles &

identifies best fitting

existing cycle

• Integrated with Fleet DNA

for public use

• Quickly processes and

analyzes data :

• over 150 metrics

• histograms

• scatter plots

• Creates custom cycle

• Recommends

standard cycles

Data Analysis: Drive Cycle Data

Future Automotive Systems Technology Simulator (FASTSim)

• Vehicle modeling tool to complimentary to Autonomie

• FastSim is well suited for conducting large data sweeps

– short run time in

accessible Excel

environment

– Validated performance

output: fuel economy and

cost results

Data Analysis: Simulation

1. Acquire data from sampling of vehicles (existing

telemetry or dedicated effort) and upload data to

Fleet DNA website

2. Fleet DNA provides drive cycle analysis back to

data provider to characterize vehicle use and also

compares to similar vehicles in data base

3. FASTSim (used to perform simulation of entire set

of vocational data set) assesses the benefit of

technology for the user specific data set

– Aero improvement

– Rolling Resistance

– Engine sizing

– Transmission options

– Mass reduction

– Driving behavior

– HEV, EV options

– Anti-Idle options

– Natural Gas and Biofuel options

Using the Tools

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

4400 High 4400 Low 4900 High 4900 Low T800 High T800 Low

High

Mass

Mid

Mass

Low

Mass

+10.1%

+11.1% +10.8%

+12.8%+8.0%

+3.8%

Effect of mass on fuel economy

y = 2182.6x-2.324

R² = 0.7533

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

KI (

1/

mile

)

Average Driving Speed (mph)

School Bus Data Average Driving Speed vs. Kinetic Intensity

Lake Washington Adams County Schenectedy Power (Aggregate Data)

Data subsets represent specific fleet sources and locations: how does fleet compare to overall vocation?

FASTSim can run all drive cycles to give a ‘range’ of improvement for each technology change.

Summary: Calculated Decision Making

Capture Baseline Data

0.00%

20.00%

40.00%

60.00%

80.00%

100.00%

120.00%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Fre

qu

en

cy

Route Distance (miles)

Aggregate Route Distance Histogram

Frequency Cumulative %

Analyze Data &

Simulate Performance

NREL PIX 06118

Identify best

application for

technology

• Provides fleets, OEMs, and researchers with refined data and analysis of need-specific options

• Creates/maintains accessible database for public use

• Recommends drive cycles

• Identifies most appropriate technologies for observed drive-cycle data

Interested in Participating?

Fleet DNA: www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/fleettest/research_fleet_dna.html

DRIVE: http://www.nrel.gov/vehiclesandfuels/drive.html

Other Online Resources– Clean Cities

cleancities.energy.gov

– Alternative Fuels Data Center

afdc.energy.gov

NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

Thank you!Kevin Walkowicz

Fleet Testing and Evaluation Team Lead

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Golden, Colorado

kevin.walkowicz@nrel.gov

Hardware Requirements / Utilized

NREL hardware:• CAN+Analog+GPS+remote

communications: gathers basic drive

cycle data + additional if desired

• TSI 747 Pro - GPS only units

Other Options:

• Use Existing Telematics – leverage

large scale, long term tracking efforts

– some fleet management companies

can provide the data necessary, some

can’t

• Find contractor that can provide fleet

analysis + telematics for in depth and

specialized short term data capture

Required Data

Typical data required from fleets for inclusion into Fleet

DNA

• may vary by application / situation

• other data can be useful if available and needed:

torque demands, ambient temp, gear, etc….