37
Product Design Team 3 Presents ननननन

Nirail

  • View
    13

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

 

Citation preview

Page 1: Nirail

Product Design

Team 3 Presents नि� रे� ल

Page 2: Nirail

Power Crisis in India• The supply of adequate, yet affordable electricity is a

continuing challenge because expansion of supply, and adoption of cleaner technologies.

• In recent years, these challenges have led to a major set of continuing reforms and restructuring.

• Still, the gap between electricity supply and demand continues to grow; India is now importing coal as well as natural gas to keep up with energy consumption.

• Energy demand is increasing dramatically due to rising incomes, industrialization, urbanization and population growth.

• The demand will increase by a factor of two over the next 20 years

Page 3: Nirail

Indian Railway• Rail transport is a commonly used mode of long-

distance transportation in India• Indian Railways has more than 64,015 kilometers of track . It

has the world’s fourth largest railway network• The total number of railway stations in India is estimated to

be between 7,000 and 8,000.• Railway consumes 2% of total available electricity in the

country. It is 20% of the total shortfall in the country.

Page 4: Nirail

Regenerative braking• Regenerative braking: The Delhi Metro saved around 90,000

tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from being released into the atmosphere by regenerating 112,500 megawatt hours of electricity through the use of regenerative braking systems between 2004 and 2007.

• It is expected that the Delhi Metro will save over 100,000 tons of CO2 from being emitted per year once its phase II is complete through the use of regenerative braking.

• But efficiency of regenerative braking is about 31%.• So a better solution is required.

Page 5: Nirail

Our Idea : नि�रे�ल ( नि�रे�तरे रे�ल)

Page 6: Nirail

Schematic diagram:

T =train B = bogie E = rear engine P = platform = velocity = acceleration

T B1+E1

B2+E2

P

Page 7: Nirail

T

B2+E2 B1+E1

P

Page 8: Nirail

B1+E1

T B2+E2

P

Page 9: Nirail

Video

Page 10: Nirail

Working• The train is approaching a station at a velocity of 70km/hr

(20m/s) .• At a distance of 200m from the intersection the bogie(s) gets

detached.• The detached portion is then decelerated at 1.2m/s2 for a

distance of 140m and then moves at a constant speed of 8m/s till it reaches the intersection.

• This ensures a time gap of 20sec at the intersection (switch) between last bogie of the train and detached bogie.

• After the detached portion enters the loop line it can be taken by the rear engine to the station.

Page 11: Nirail

• When the train arrives, a bogie and an engine (Engine C ) attached to the rear end are already waiting at the station in the loop line.

• When the train is at a certain distance (release distance) from the switching junction, the Engine C starts.

• Then the Engine C is accelerated and decelerated for a fixed time such that it goes and attaches to the train at some distance( Meeting distance).

Bogies Acceleration Time (sec)

Deceleration time(sec)

Engine C release

distance (m)

Meeting distance(km)

1 31 12.3 240 .6

2 27.3 38.8 290 1

3 60 17 362 1.5

4 72 14 440 1.5

Page 12: Nirail

Bogie arrangement

• This train shall have all coaches of same class (either sleeper, AC or general as per the requirement), 1 pantry car at the beginning and a metro engine at the end.

• All the bogies are designated as per the stations at which they shall be discarded

• Passengers need to move once from the attached bogie to their respective destined bogie.

• To help with their luggage movement, an interlockable, extendable, luggage trolley shall be provided to them at the starting bogie which is locked into a groove in the bogie.

Page 13: Nirail

• Once they move on to their destined bogie, They need not worry about when their station approaches.

• As their station approaches, their bogie gets discarded and brought to the platform by the metro engine where

1)they can get down peacefully2)there will be no inflow of passengers3)they can take their own time not to miss any luggage4)No Tension at all

Page 14: Nirail

• Link

No Station Passengers Scenario(number of bogies hauled)

Boarding Leaving Current Nirail

1 A 400 N/A 15 13

2 B 50 75 15 12

3 C 100 80 15 11

4 D 36 52 15 9

5 E 32 168 15 5

6 F N/A 243 15 5

Eng+ B B C C D E E E F F F F Eng

Page 15: Nirail

Why a metro engine at back• It achieves required velocity at the given amount of time.• Even though it’s maximum velocity is limited, that is sufficient• for us.• Using any other heavy engine would not be cost effective• It has a part of it in which passengers can sit• When bogie is discarded, it brings the bogie to station with out using much energy• As we may fix limit for number of bogies to be

attached/detached per station. This engine suffices our requirement.

Page 16: Nirail

Attaching / Detaching Mechanism

Page 17: Nirail

• The Scharfenberg (Schaku) coupler is one of the most commonly used types of fully automatic coupling.

• Its use is generally restricted to mass transit systems. • The Schaku coupler makes the electrical and also the

pneumatic connections and disconnections automatic. • Small air cylinders, acting on the rotating heads of the

coupler, ensure the Schaku coupler engagement, making it unnecessary to use shock to get a good coupling.

• Joining portions of a passenger train can be done at very low speed (less than 3.2 km/hr in the final approach), so that the passengers are not jostled about.

• Maximum tonnage is 1,000 tons

Coupler

Page 18: Nirail

Coupling Video1Coupling Video2Coupler –Basic explanation

Page 19: Nirail

Damper• The velocities of the train and approaching bogie will be

slightly different.So a shock absorber will be provided to minimise the impact during attachment.

• Following type of shock absorber is well suited for our purposes.

• Heavy Duty Shock Absorbers(Model No. HD A(3X2)) - HD Series Shock Absorbers from KONI-Enidine.

• http://www.koni-enidine-rail.com/HDmain.html

Page 20: Nirail

Shock Absorber

Page 21: Nirail

Benefits

Page 22: Nirail

Energy saved• When a train stops at a station its kinetic energy is lost into

heat. The train is then accelerated back to its operating speed.• If the train doesn't stop we are saving this kinetic energy.• Hence,

energy saved/bogie/station = ½ mv2

• where, m = 60 tonsv = 20m/s

Page 23: Nirail

• Energy Saved/Bogie/Station: 12MJ • In an intermediate station like Kharagpur where

approximately 80 trains pass each day, and 20 bogies per train,

total energy saved would be = 12*80*20 = 19200MJ

• This is equivalent to the electrical energy produced from about 2.7 tons of coal in a thermal power plant.

• Energy saved product would save energy for more than 3000 persons per day.

Page 24: Nirail

Additional advantages

• Time saved : 2 to 3 hours in a long journey. • Space conservation : Very less space is required for the

platform.• Tension of passengers - People may come any time but before

the departure time and just sit and relax in the compartment.• Efficiency – number of stations can be increased without

increasing travel time.

Page 25: Nirail

Useful addons• Periscope• Magnetic shock absorber…• Alarm• Regenerative braking system

Page 26: Nirail

Thank you

Page 27: Nirail
Page 28: Nirail
Page 29: Nirail

Rank Train Description1 Duronto Expresses These are the non-stop point to point rail services (except for operational

stops) introduced for the first time in 2009. These trains connects the metros and major state capitals of India and are faster than Rajdhani Expresses. The Duronto services consists of three classes of accommodation namely first AC, two-tier AC, three-tier AC.

2 Rajdhani Expresses These are all air-conditioned trains linking major cities to New Delhi. The Rajdhanis have high priority and are one of the fastest trains in India, travelling at about 140 km/h (87 mph). There are only a few stops on a Rajdhani route.

3 Shatabdi and Jan Shatabdi Expresses

The Shatabdi trains are AC intercity seater-type trains. Jan-Shatabdi trains consists of both AC and non-AC classes.

4 Super-fast Expresses orMail trains

These are trains that have an average speed greater than 55 km/h (34 mph). Tickets for these trains have an additional super-fast surcharge.

5 Express These are the most common kind of trains in India. They have more stops than their super-fast counterparts, but they stop only at relatively important intermediate stations.

6

Passenger andFast Passenger

These are slow trains that stop at most stations along the route and are the cheapest trains. The entire train consists of the General-type compartments.

7 Suburban trains Trains that operate in urban areas, usually stop at all stations.

Page 30: Nirail

BRAKES

Page 31: Nirail
Page 32: Nirail

Brake application

The driver has placed the brake valve in the "Application“ position. This causes air pressure in the brake pipe to escape. The loss of pressure is detected by the slide valve in the triple valve. Because the pressure on one side (the brake pipe side) of the valve has fallen, the auxiliary reservoir pressure on the other side has pushed the valve (towards the right) so that the feed groove over the valve is closed. The connection between the brake cylinder and the exhaust underneath the slide valve has also been closed. At the same time a connection between the auxiliary reservoir and the brake cylinder has been opened. Auxiliary reservoir air now feeds through into the brake cylinder. The air pressure forces the piston to move against the spring pressure and causes the brake blocks to be applied to the wheels. Air will continue to pass from the auxiliary reservoir to the brake cylinder until the pressure in both is equal. This is the maximum pressure the brake cylinder will obtain and is equivalent to a full application. To get a full application with a reasonable volume of air, the volume of the brake cylinder is usually about 40% of that of the auxiliary reservoir.

Page 33: Nirail
Page 34: Nirail

Brake release The driver has placed the brake valve in the "Release" position. 

Pressure in the brake pipe is rising and enters the triple valve on each car, pushing the slide valve provided inside the triple valve to the left.  The movement of the slide valve allows a "feed groove" above it to open between the brake pipe and the auxiliary reservoir, and another connection below it to open between the brake cylinder and an exhaust port.  The feed groove allows brake pipe air pressure to enter the auxiliary reservoir and it will recharge it until its pressure is the same as that in the brake pipe.  At the same time, the connection at the bottom of the slide valve will allow any air pressure in the brake cylinder to escape through the exhaust port to atmosphere.  As the air escapes, the spring in the cylinder will push the piston back and cause the brake blocks to be removed from contact with the wheels.  The train brakes are now released and the auxiliary reservoirs are being replenished ready for another brake application.

Page 35: Nirail
Page 36: Nirail

Specifications for valve• Type – Resilient Butterfly valve (by electrically controlled

actuators) • With one opening one outlet, normally closed• Temp range - below 300 degree centigrade• Pressure range- 4 atm to 9 atm• Size- Diameter 2 cm to 5 cm• Price range - 2000 to 5000 rupees.

Page 37: Nirail

Modification• An electrically controlled valve will be attached at the opening

of the the auxiliary reservoir in each bogie.• The rear end engine driver will control this valve and in turn

control the brake operation.