PRESENTED BY: AMBESH SINGH ME 4th YEAR

A PRESENTATION

ON

“FUTURE OF CARS” AND

“ITS FUEL”

• Petroleum Displacement• Depleting Non renewable Energy• Air Quality Improvement• Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions

WHY ALTERNATIVE FUEL

Future Car

“A car which run on alternative fuel having zero emission.”

Hybrid Cars

•Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) include two engine.•If we had better batteries, we would not need hybrids at all.•Electric-gas hybrid, Solar-gas hybrid, electric combustion engine hybrid and hydrogen-electric hybrid are the some examples•Hybrids can be implemented in many kinds of vehicles.•Hybrids are not zero-emission vehicles.•Will cut down emissions of global-warming pollutants by a third to a half.•Later models may cut these emissions down by even more.

•Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).•Emissions are greatly decreased.•Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.•Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.•New materials can be implemented.

Why hybrids?

Honda Civic Hybrid

Toyota Prius

hydrogen fuel :the power of tomorrow

Good:• More energy rich per kilogram than petrol or battery-powered electric cars • Produces only water as exhaust • Refuels faster than electric cars

Bad:• Very expensive to produce • Difficult to store and transport • Incompatible with current infrastructure

What is a hydrogen fuel cell?•Hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) are a type of electrochemical cell.

•HFCs generate electricity by reduction and oxidation reactions within the cell.

•They use three main components, a fuel, an oxidant and an electrolyte.

•HFCs operate like batteries, although they require external fuel.

•HFCs use hydrogen as a fuel, oxygen as an oxidant, a proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte, and emit only water as waste.

How do they work?•Fuel (H2) is first transported to the anode of the cell

•Fuel undergoes the anode reaction

•Anode reaction splits the fuel into H+ (a proton) and e-

•Protons pass through the electrolyte to the cathode

•Electrons can not pass through the electrolyte, and must travel through an external circuit which creates a usable electric current

•Protons and electrons reach the cathode, and undergo the cathode reaction

Uses of hydrogen fuel cellsThere are many different uses of fuel cells being utilized right now. Some of these uses are…

•Power sources for vehicles such as cars, trucks, buses and even boats and submarines

•Power sources for spacecraft, remote weather stations and military technology

•Batteries for electronics such as laptops and smart phones

•Sources for uninterruptable power supplies.

SOLAR FUEL CARGOOD:•Use solar power.•Zero emissive vehicle.•Free source of energy.•Renewable source of energy.

BAD•Expensive source•Weather dependent•Less efficiency•Only depend on day

EXAMPLES

AIR CARAir Car- Powered by Air Engine.Having Emission Free Piston Engine using Compressed Air as

Fuel.Gasoline- Main source of Fuel, Very Expensive and Impractical

(Environmental Standpoint), Non- Renewable resource, it will eventually run out.

Air Powered Cars runs on Compressed Air instead of Gasoline.Powered by two cylinder compressed engine.

ADVANTAGES•Long storage lifetime Of Air. •Potentially lower initial cost than battery electric vehicles when mass production takes place. •A Pure Compressed Air Vehicle produces no pollution at the tailpipe. •The compressed air engines also offer drivers the option of using fossil fuels or bio-fuels to heat the air as it enters the engine.  •Air cars are lighter than conventional cars.

DISADVANTAGES

•When Compressor runs on Gasoline, it will create Pollution.•One-to-two hour Waiting for the Car's built-in Air Compressor to Compress air could become a problem on cross-country trips.•The distance that an Air Car can cover without refueling is crucial because very few filling stations will have compressed air pumps available. 

MODELS

CAR VAN

PICK UP

TAXI MINI CAR

OTHERE•Bio diesel•Electricity•Ethanol•Bio fuel •Liquid nitrogen