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ENGINE DOWNSIZING IN
AUTOMOBILES
BY
ADIL MOHAMED K
S7,MECH. ENGG.
SOE,CUSAT
ENGINE DOWNSIZING
• Engine downsizing is the use of a smaller engine in a vehicle that provides the power of a larger engine, through the use of recent technologies.
• It is the result of car manufacturers attempting to provide more efficient vehicles. The term generally relates to traditional internal combustion engines powered by petrol or diesel
WHY DOWNSIZING
• Bigger isn’t always better
Naturally aspirated engine Supercharger engine
THE DOWNSIZING TREND
• The end of the 1990s, the logic of downsizing has progressively spread to petrol engines over the past few years. In the United States, the future of huge V8s thus seems increasingly uncertain. In Germany, the sporty Porsche has announced the launch of a "small" 4-cylinder model that emits less than 200 g/km of C02.
• The race for power is running out of steam and is giving way to a new battle, one for efficiency and energy savings. BMW is leading this field with its Efficient Dynamics programme which manages to reconcile high performance Downsizing is progressively gaining ground
DOWNSIZED ENGINE PARAMETERS
• Supercharging
• Direct Injection
• Variable Cam Timing
DIRECT INJECTION
• In a direct injection engine, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber as opposed to injection before the intake valve (petrol engine) or a separate pre-combustion chamber (diesel engine).
DIESEL ENGINES
• Most diesel engines have fuel injected into the combustion chamber.• Throughout the early history of diesels, they
were always fed by a mechanical pump.• Now uses a common rail injection system
common rail injection system
PETROL ENGINES
• Direct injection, which is referred to as gasolin direct injection. This is the next step in evolution from multi-point fuel injection
• Homogeneity
• Ultra lean mixture
• In some applications, gasoline direct injection enables a stratified fuel charge (ultra lean burn) combustion for improved fuel efficiency, and reduced emission levels at low load. It is also possible to inject fuel more than once during a single cycle
DRAWBACKS
• Although Direct Injection provides more power and efficiency, a carbon build-up occurs in the intake valves that over time reduces the airflow to the cylinders, and therefore reduces power. Fuel contains various detergents and can keep the intakes clean.
• When fuel is no longer being sprayed in the intake valves, small amounts of dirt from intake air cakes on the intake walls, even with air filters that prevent most of the dirt from entering the cylinder. This build-up can become severe enough that a piece can break off and has been known to burn holes in catalytic converters.
TURBOCHARGING
FORD ECOBOOST ENGINE
• Price: From £17,945 (125bhp)
• Engine: 999cc, three cylinders, 12 valves, turbo, 125bhp
• Transmission: Six-speed gearbox, front-wheel drive
• Performance: 120mph, 0-62 in 11.3sec, 56.5mpg, CO2 114g/km
CO2 EMISSION CONCERNS
• The European Car Manufacturer Association (ACEA) has for example entered into an highly ambitious undertaking: the commitment is that CO2 emission of the future vehicles —averaged on the whole production of the signatories will reach: 140 g/km of CO2 in year 2008, and perhaps 120g/km of CO2 in year 2012.
OUTPUT• Reduction in
• Fuel consumption.
• CO2 emission.
• Weight.
• Engine size.
• Reduced frictional losses.
• Reduced load on Eccentric-gear.
• Increase in power O/P.
• Reduction in production cost.
THE FUTURE OF DOWNSIZING
• Thanks to the ongoing developments in turbocharging technology, the internal combustion engine will retain its dominant position over alternatives, such as all-electric and hybrid drives, with the proportion of turbocharged engines found in passenger cars set to rise steadily
REFERENCES•
• en.wikipedia.org
• "Isuzu Direct-Injection V6", Popular Science, 2003
• www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue49/knopf.pd
• emissionsanalytics.com/beware-the-danger-of-downsizing
• www.wired.com/2011/09/three-is-the-new-four-as-engines-downsize
• turbo.honeywell.com/turbo-basics/the-downsizing-agenda/
• www.sustainable-mobility.org/.../downsizing-or-the-future
• "Three Is the New Four as Engines Downsize". Wired. 12 February 2012.
• "Engine Displacement Downsizing Where's the fuel-economy gain?". Car and Driver. July 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
• SAE International Journal of Engines. 8 July 2014.
• "Driven: Ford Focus 1.0 Ecoboost". Car Magazine. 12 February 2012.
• "Turbo - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". 23 April 2014.
• "How Turbochargers Work". Auto.howstuffworks.com. 1 June 2012.
• "supercharger - Wiktionary". En.wiktionary.org. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
• Diesel and gas turbine progress, Volume 26. Diesel Engines, 1960
• "supercharging". Elsberg-tuning.dk. 1 June 2012.
• Chris Longhurst. "The Fuel and Engine Bible: page 5 of 6". Car Bibles. 1 June 2012.
THANK YOU
