CRUISE CONTROL SYSTEMSBy Yusha Patel

(TYME-A)

Cruise control is a new technological development which incorporates a factor of comfort in driving.Safety is only a small benefit of this system. In short, cruise control can be said to be a system which uses the principles of radar to determine the distances between two consecutive moving vehicles in which either one or both of them is incorporated with this system.

* Basic Information about Cruise Control Systems

*CONTENTS

*INTRODUCTION*WHAT IS CRUISE CONTROL ?*BASIC OPERATION*HOW TO SET CRUISE CONTROL?*ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL*PARTS AND WORKING*DANGERS OF CRUISE CONTROL*FUTURE ASPECTS *CONCLUSION

*INTRODUCTION*Every minute, on average, at least one person dies in a crash. *Air bags and seat belts save tens of thousands of people a year.*But the ultimate solution and the only thing that will save far more

lives, limbs and money is ? till 1958.*Cruise control was commercially introduced in 1958 as an option on

the Chrysler Imperial.

*WHAT IS CRUISE CONTROL?

Cruise control is a system, which automatically controls the speed of an automobile.

The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.

Most cruise control systems don’t allow the use of cruise control below a certain speed.

Blind inventor and mechanical engineer Ralph teetor invented cruise control in 1945.

BASIC OPERATION The basic operation of a cruise controller is to sense the speed of

the vehicle, compare this speed to a desired reference, and then accelerate or decelerate the car as required.

A simple control algorithm for controlling the speed is to use a "proportional plus integral" feedback.

The performance of the system is robust with respect to it’s mass uncertainty.

Block diagram of cruise control model

* HOW TO SET CRUISE CONTROL ?

*On &off

*set/accelerate

*Resume

• Coast

• Brake & clutch

* ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL

*Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) is an automotive feature that allows a vehicle's cruise control system to adapt the vehicle's speed to the traffic environment.

* In May 1998, Toyota became the first to introduce an ACC system on a production vehicle, luxury sedan.

*ACC systems detect the vehicle ahead through the use of either radar or lidar (light detecting and ranging).

*Lidar based ACC systems are limited due to their poor working in bad whether.

*PARTS AND WORKINGThe main components of a typical radar-based ACC system are *Fusion sensor*Headway control unit*Throttle*Brake*Dashboard display

Fusion sensor: It is a combination of sensors and processors. They are

*Millimeter-wave radar*Stereo camera* Image processor*Fusion processor

Architecture of a radar-based ACC system

*Millimeter wave radar: It is a sensor which uses millimeter wave for detecting the position and velocity of a distant object.

* Range is calculated using the formula C = 2*R/T Where ‘C’ is the velocity of light ‘R’ is the range ‘T’ is the time of flight of transmission.

*Stereo camera: The camera’s function is detection of cars and other objects in the roadway.

* Image processor: It processes the images from the stereo camera and the data fed into the fusion processor.

*Fusion processor: The function of fusion processor is Data Fusion.

Headway control unit: It has control on the brakes and throttle and uses dashboard for immediate warnings.

Canceling Cruise Control Operation:*Brake pedal is pressed* 'Off' button is pressed*Vehicle Speed < 25 mph*An ACC system fault is detected

A car model with advanced cruise control system

It’s use on wet and slippery roads may cause serious problems.

DANGERS OF CRUISE CONTROL

*FUTURE ASPECTS*CACC(co-operative adaptive cruise control) tested in California.

*At 100 km/hr, that would amount to a distance between cars of less than 14 meters (roughly two car lengths).

*Fujitsu Ten has demonstrated a prototype system for so called stop-and-go adaptive cruise control.

*CONCLUSIONS

*Fully autonomous car is probably not viable in the foreseen future.

*Near by vehicles would be in constant communication with each other and act co-operatively.

* It will probably take decades, but car accidents may eventually become almost as rare as plane crashes are now.

www.howstuffworks.com

www.cars.com/features/adaptivecruisecontrol 

www.autorepair.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruise_control

REFERENCES