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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(MASTER OF ENGINEERING)
2014
SEMINAR
ON
CNG AS A ALTENATE FUEL
FOR I.C ENGINE
Presented ByPD SOLANKI (130450711010)
19/03/2014 1AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
ROAD MAP INTRODUCTION
AVAILABILITY OF CNG
PROPERTIES
MODIFICATION REQUIRED IN ENGINES
PERFORMANCE & EMMISION CHARACTERRISTICS
REFERENCES
219/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
• Alternative fuels are substances or other materials, that can be used as fuels instead of
Convection Fuels.
• There aren’t the conventional fuels.
• Natural gas is promising alternative fuel to meet strict engine emission regulations in
many countries.
• The research on alternative fuels for internal combustion engine has become essential due
to depletion of petroleum products and its major contribution for pollutants, where Natural
gas is one of the most promising fuel alternatives for the future .
19/03/20143
AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
INTRODUCTION
AVAILABILITY OF CNG
• The world's largest gas field is the offshore Gas-Condensate field, shared
between Iran and Qatar. It is estimated to have 51 trillion cubic meters of
natural gas and 50 billion barrels of natural gas condensates.
• The areas which are high in natural gas availability in India are mostly the
Western offshore area.
• However, the other major production areas for natural gas are the on-shore
fields in Assam, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat States.
• Natural gas in comparatively lesser amount is also produced in the states of
Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan States.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 4
PROPERTIES
• CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is mainly composed
of methane), to less than 1% of the volume it occupies at standard
atmospheric pressure.
• The composition of CNG can vary from place to place and from
manufacturer to manufacturer but its ideal composition is as shown:
519/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG
Conti…
CONSTITUENT PERCENTAGE LIMIT
Methane 90% Maximum
Ethane Content 4% Maximum
Propane Content 1.7% Maximum
C4 and Higher 0.7% Maximum
C6 and Higher 0.2% Maximum
CO2 + N2 0.2% Maximum
Hydrogen 0.1% Maximum
Carbon Monoxide 0.1% Maximum
Oxygen 0.5% Maximum
Sulfur 10 ppm Maximum
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 6
CASE STUDY OF RESERACH PAPER
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Here I have represented the study of this research paper:
CNG ENGINES DEVELOPMENT• For petrol engines or spark ignition engines there are two options, a bi-fuel
conversion and use a dedicated to CNG engine.
• The bi-fuel conversion of vehicles fitted with fuel-injected engines may
utilize the original engine management system, if it can be modified to
control the gas flow and revised ignition timing or alternatively, be fitted
with a standard CNG control system.
• The fuel injectors must be disabled when the engine is running on gas,
although fuel must still flow to the injectors and then pass directly to the
return fuel line to provide cooling.
• With diesel engines converted or designed to run on natural gas, there are
two main options
1) Dual-fuel engines & 2) Dedicated natural gas engines.
• For compression ignition engines conversions to spark ignition, the pistons
must be modified to reduce the original compression ratio and a high-energy
ignition system must be fitted.
• CNG storage system has to be changed.
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 14
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 17
Figure shows in order to greatly reduce
exhaust emissions, a multi-port injection system
was chosen, and the injectors and pressure
regulator have been newly developed.
At the same time, precise air fuel (A/F) ratio
control and special catalysts for CNG exhaust
gas have been utilized.
ADVANTAGES
1) Cheap
2) Engine friendly
3) Safe
4) Easy transportation
5) Clean
6) Odorless
7) Cost effective
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 18
DISADVANTAGES
The storage cylinder takes a lot of space as the gas
once filled has to travel at least of 400kms.
Loss of power & efficiency.
CNG gas stations are not widely spread in India.
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CONCLUTION
CNG is attractive for this reasons.
It is the only fuel cheaper than gasoline or diesel.
It has inherently lower air pollution emissions.
It has lower greenhouse gas emissions.
Its use extends petroleum supplies, and there are large quantities
of the fuel available in the world.
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Based on the reviewed paper for the performance and emissions of
compressed natural gas , it is concluded that the compressed natural gas
represents a good alternative fuel for SI engine and therefore must be
taken into consideration in the future for transport purpose.
REFERENCES
19/03/2014 AFE_SEMINAR_2014_CNG 24
1. Text book “ Internal Combustion Engines” By- V.M Domkundwar,3rd edition,2009,
Dhantpat Rai Publication.
2. Rosli Abu Bakar, Mardani Ali Sera and Wong Hong Mun, “A Technical Review of
Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engine”.
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 1 (4) (2008) pp. 302-311.
3. Munde Gopal G., Dr. Dalu Rajendra S., “ Compressed Natural Gas as an Alternative
Fuel for Spark Ignition Engine: A Review” International Journal of Engineering and
Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 2, Issue 6, December 2012.
4. www.epa.gov/otaq/consumer/fuels/altfuels/altfuels.htm