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BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)2
What is environment?
� Q. What is environment?� A. It depends!
� Q. Depends on what?� A. Depends on "Environment
of whom?"
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)4
� Q. Who is "human"?� A. Wait until the next section!
� Q. Is human a living object?� A. ?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)6
� Q 1. What is living object?
� Q 2. What are differences
between living and non-living
objects?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)7
� A. From biological perspective:
� Life = biosystems organized by
interactions between biological
components interacting with physical
environments, and become a unified
whole with capacity to maintain
homeostasis and self-perpetuation
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)8
Sign of life
� 1. Highly complex organization = all other characteristics of life emerge from an organism’s complex organization
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)9
� 2. Self-homeostasis =
Self-maintenance of a
steady-state internal
environment in the
variations of external
environment.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)13
� 4. Growth and development = the increment of volume and changes in structure and functions to suit with new form of life
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)16
� 5. Interactions = Life needs energy and matter utilization for maintenance of life
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)19
6. Adaptation = Life evolve as a result of the interaction between organisms and their environments
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)25
� From biological perspective, these are biological spectrum
� Biotic components
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)26
รูป biotic component
Cell
Gene
Organ
Organism
Populations
Communities
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)27
Biotic components cannot survive in isolation.
They must interact with physical
or a biotic environments.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)28
Generalized diagram of inputs, throughputs, and outputs in a system
System Throughputs (flows)
System InputsSystem Outputs
Information
Energy
Matter
Useless information
Waste heat
Waste matter
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)29
Interaction between each biotic
level with physical environment
through energy, matter, and
information produces
characteristic functional system.
"Biosystem" or "life"
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)30
Organizational hierarchy in nature
can be seen from "universe"
down to "subatomic particles".
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)33
Q. How can life be seen in nature?
A. A hierarchy of
organization of matter.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)36
Q. What is the determinant of life?
A. Environment by
evolutionary processes.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)40
Transparency 78
Fig 6-5 summary of the evolution of the earth and its life.
Chemical evolution
1 billion years
Biological evolution3.7 billion
years
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)42
Q. What is the difference of
“interaction between man and
environment” and “interaction
between other organisms and e
nvironment”?
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)44
� A. Organisms adapt themselves
to the environments.
� While
“Human modify environments to
suit themselves ”.
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)46
� 1. Natural environment: 4 spheres
� 1.1 Biosphere = Space occupied by life
� 1.2 Atmosphere = Space occupied by air
� 1.3 Lithosphere = Space occupied by solid
� 1.4 Hydrosphere = Space occupied by
water
BBA Part1_1 (Gajaseni, 2001)49
2. Man-made environment
� 2.1 Anthropogenic ecosystems
� 2.2 Physical structures