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Autonomous Driving: The Ideal Experience

Mobility user experiences for consumers

and connected automation

Christopher Andrews Leader of Emerging Technologies

Agile design for Trust and Acceptance in HMI

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Agenda

• Mobility cockpit user experience evolution roadmap

• Autonomous research outputs 2015

• Review evolving advanced R&D research conditions

• Evaluate alternative research simulator system

• Describe preliminary autonomous-related research

• Consider future applications/next steps

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Partial Automation Highly Automated Driving Autonomous Vehicles

2015 2016 2018 2020 2025 2030

Highway Highly

Automated Driving

Automated Parking

Flexible & Holistic HMI

Enhanced Personalization

Pervasive Connectivity

Always on Features

Smart City Interactions

Pilot Monitoring & Gesture

Autonomous Low Speed City

Automated Mobility

Swarm Intelligence

Vehicle Sharing

Immersive Cockpit Reality

Critical system redundancy (aerospace & defense models)

Co

mp

lexi

ty

Mobility Cockpit User Experience Evolution

Enabling Technologies

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NHTSA’s Five Levels of Vehicle Automation

Research Focus

LEVEL 0 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4

No Automation Function-Specific

Automation

Combined

Function

Automation

Automation that

takes over safety-critical

functions under certain

traffic conditions. Driver

is available for

occasional control

Full Self-Driving

Automation

Visteon Scenario 1 Visteon Scenario 2 Visteon Scenario 3

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Limited Self-

Driving

Automation

Vehicle performs all

safety- critical driving

functions for entire trip.

Driver not expected to

be available for control

any time during trip

Automation of at

least two functions,

for example

adaptive cruise

control and lane

steering

Automation

of one or more

functions: electronic

stability control

or pre-charged

brakes

Driver is in

complete and sole

control of brakes,

steering, throttle,

and motive power

at all times

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Trustworthy Trustworthy Trustworthy

Relaxed

Entertained

Efficient

Relaxed

Entertained

Efficient

Relaxed

Entertained

Efficient

Personal

Personal Personal

SCENARIO 1 SCENARIO 2 SCENARIO 3

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Evolving Advanced R&D Needs

• Facilitate ‘better decisions sooner’

– Research and development cost, quality and

speed are more important than ever

• More ‘trustworthy’ (valid) results

– More realistic conditions

• Speed of testing

– Iteration

– Faster iterative testing means fewer big

failures, happier customers, less costly rework

FAST

CHEAP GOOD

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Advanced R&D Challenges

– Conventional driving simulator approaches provide valuable data

• Sentiment/Preferences

• (HMI) Task Performance

• Driving Task Performance

– But they can also be dated, resource-intensive, and slow

• Development chain era

• Infrastructure, expertise and ongoing costs

• Rework can be complex

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Advanced R&D: A Convergence

• “New” software and hardware

making its way into accessibility

– GPUs, displays

– Video game software tools

– Consumer(-ish) hardware

• New skills brought into the

organization

– Videogame and SFX

• “Demand” for improved logistics

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Autonomous Application – Researching HAD & Autonomy

– Simulator Scenarios

• Construction Zone – Demonstrating

the value of autonomous response

• Freeway Zone – Demonstrating a

transition of control concept and

several AR concepts

• City Zone – Demonstrating a fully

autonomous concept

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Unexpected Benefit

LAB

LOW

CONTACT

HIGH

CONTACT

• Accident/Incident reports

• Case studies

• Models • Math model-based

simulations

• Literature review

Ethnography

Observational

“Ride-along”

Surveys

Experiments

More value to specific case; Less applicability to generalized cases

Less value to specific case; More applicability to generalized cases

User Testing

Driving simulator

Adapted from Wickens and Hollands (Engineering Psychology and Human Performance)

FIELD

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Unexpected Benefit

LAB

LOW

CONTACT

HIGH

CONTACT

• Accident/Incident reports

• Case studies

• Models • Math model-based

simulations

• Literature review

Ethnography

Observational

“Ride-along”

Surveys

Experiments

User Testing

Driving simulator

Adapted from Wickens and Hollands (Engineering Psychology and Human Performance)

FIELD

More value to specific case; Less applicability to generalized cases

Less value to specific case; More applicability to generalized cases

Strictly Private and Confidential

NHTSA’s five levels of vehicle automation

LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4

Combined

Function

Automation

Automation that

takes over safety-critical

functions under certain

traffic conditions. Driver

is available for

occasional control

Full Self-Driving

Automation

Visteon scenario 1 Visteon scenario 2 Visteon scenario 3

Limited Self-

Driving

Automation

Vehicle performs all

safety- critical driving

functions for entire trip.

Driver not expected to

be available for control

any time during trip

Automation of at

least two functions,

for example

adaptive cruise

control and lane

steering

• Suggests specific questions and issues that need to be resolved

– What are the limits and key concerns of transition of control between car and driver?

– Solutions for the driver to assess the readiness of the vehicle to assume control

– Solutions for the vehicle to assess the readiness of the driver to assume control

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Pros and Cons

• Key Benefits

– Makes proposed solutions more “real” for consumers – and executives

• “Promotype”

– Works great for intended scope (early, fast, iterative)

– Surprisingly effective at bridging observational/exploratory and performance

• Key Limitations

– Still a simulation

• Not equally suited to all phases of PDP

– Tightly coupled system requires tight integration

– The solution requires working differently at several levels

• Existing systems are entrenched internally and externally (“how things work”)

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Next/Ongoing Steps

• Focus questions

– To what extent is the ___ technology/solution suitable for the vehicle

environment?

• Autonomous solutions

• Augmented Reality (attentional blindness, phototropism, startle responses)

• Alternative controller concepts, Gesture (gesture “vocabulary” range), etc.

– To what extent should we allocate resources to the development of ___?

• To what extent is this smartphone solution suitable for vehicle applications?

• Demonstrate benefits of the approach to broader audiences

• Continue and build on working relationships

• Explore opportunities to expand the platform

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Thank You