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History Polynesian word “ta”- to strike
something Tahitian word “tatau”- to mark
-First tattoos were probably created by accident-Oldest: 5,000 year old mummy in Europe
The tattooed right hand of a Chiribaya mummy found near the port of Ilo in southern Peru. A.D. 900 to 1350.
History
Earliest tattoos- therapeutic Egyptians- spread tattooing
worldwide
Small bronze tattooing implements (c. 1450 B.C.) from Gurob, Egypt
Polynesian Tattoos Examples
"Unknown Woman of Rotorua District, North Island.” A rare portrait of moko applied by “grouped” darning needles around 1910 by tattoo artist Tame Poata. A wonderful photograph of this Arawa lady, undoubtedly of high rank.
New Zealand: Maori “Moko”- face
tattoos Use
woodcarving skills
Mark of distinction
A Māori Chief with tattoos (moko) seen by Cook and his crew
“Te Tuhi, Wiremu Patara chief of the Ngati Mahuta.” Original postcard entitled “Maori Chief Patara Te Tuhi” published by W. Beattie and Co. Fine Arts Publishers Auckland, N.Z. circa 1910.
Tattoos in North America
Native Americans Civil War- first tattoo shop
opened in NYC in 1846 1891- Samuel O’Reilly
invented first electric tattoo machineFrank Deburdg was tattooed by Samuel O'Reilly at his Bowery studio
Tattoo Styles
1. Fine Line black and grey
• Originated in Chicano communites of LA during the 1970’s
• Single needle- fine lines and smooth shading
• Realistic• Topics often included
portraits, roses, memorial pieces
Tattoo Styles
2. Biomechanical• Meant to look like
ripped apart flesh with mechanical parts underneath
• “Terminator” effect• Best on muscled parts
of the body (neck, legs, arms)
• Realistic
Tattoo Styles
3. Asian inspired• Language characters,
koi fish, dragons, cherry blossoms, tigers, Geishas are all popular choices
• Intricate designs
Tattoo Styles
4. Tribal• Comes from Native
American culture, became very popular in the 1990’s.
• Intricate line designs
• TRUE tribal tattoos are considered rites of passage and are often done by ‘hand’
Tattoo Styles5. Old School/Sailor Style
• Topics include Eagles, pin-up girls, ships, anchors, sparrows
• Can include banners for memorial tattoos
• “Sailor Jerry”- Norman Keith Collins
• Specific color scheme• High CONTRAST• Heavy Outline
Tattoo Stereotypes: SailorBelow are but a few of the popular tattoos of a seaman's
life.
HOLD, on the knuckles of one hand and FAST, on the other. This is said to help the seaman to better hold the riggings.
A PIG, on the top of one foot and a ROOSTER, on the other. This is said to protect the seaman from drowning, because both of these barnyard animals cannot swim so they would get the seaman quickly to shore.
An ANCHOR showed the seaman had sailed the Atlantic Ocean.
A FULL-RIGGED SHIP showed the seaman had sailed around Cape Horn.
A DRAGON showed the seaman had served on a China station.
A SHELLBACK TURTLE denotes a seaman who has crossed the equator.
A GOLDEN DRAGON denotes a seaman who has crossed the International Date Line.
PORT & STARBOARD ship lights were tattooed on the left (port) and right (starboard) side of the body.
ROPE, tattooed around the wrist meant the seaman was a deckhand.
Modern Tattoos Stigma
Criminals/prison/delinquints Nazi regime- concentration
camps
A Nazi concentration camp identification tattoo
Modern Tattoos Today- tattooing is more popular
than ever Shows such as “LA Ink” make
tattooing ‘fashionable’
Dangers of Tattooing Go to a REPUTABLE studio
with proper training and certification
Tattoo artist should be wearing gloves, and open everything in front of you
Sterile work area Use common sense! Complications can include HIV,
Hepatitis, and infection if you are not careful!
Tattoo Fillers
Fill in space around main subject so it’s not “floating”
Give the design unity
Example: Swirl Filler
Your Assignment Come up with a symbolic tattoo design
REQUIREMENTS: Must have a main ‘picture’ or subject. Must represent
something about you/meaningful to you Must fit in one of the 5 ‘categories’ in some way Supporting details- lines, design, etc. so picture is not
‘floating’ and flows well Shading in colored pencil- fades out toward the edges Crisp, clear design Size must fit on an index card (minimum)