PHOTOGRAPHY, CAMERA, LENSES

AR-807ELECTIVE-I

SUBMITTED TO:-MR.VIJENDER SAGAR

SUBMITTED BY:-NITIN SHIVHARE

B.ARCH 8TH SEMSEC-B

PHOTOGRAPHY• Photography is the science, art and practice of

creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.

PHOTOGRAPHY• Comes from the Greek word “phōtos” which

means light and “graphé” which means “drawing”.

• Together they mean drawing with light

THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH (1826)The first photograph, or the

earliest known surviving photograph was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, in 1826. The image depicts the view from an upstairs window at Niépce's estate, Le Gras, in France. It is taken with a camera obscure (pinhole camera)

THE EARLIEST CAMERA (1840)

The first camera invented was mad by Alexander Wolcott - his camera design was patented on May 8th, 1840. His invention made it possible for candid photos to be taken and not fade away with time. He also has the distinction of opening the earliest photography shop – that was known as a dagurran parlor – in New York City.

The First Photograph of a Human ”Boulevard Du Temple” (Paris, 1838)

• Boulevard du Temple, taken by Louis Daguerre in late 1838, was the first-ever photograph of a person. It is an image of a busy street, but because exposure time was over ten minutes, the city traffic was moving too much to appear. The exception is a man in the bottom left corner, who stood still getting his boots polished long enough to show up in the picture.

The First Light Picture and Human Potrait Ever Taken [Oct,Nov 1839]

Robert Cornelius, self-portrait, Oct. or Nov. 1839, approximate quarter plate daguerreotype which is a procedure invented in 1839 using silver on a copper plate. The back reads, “The first light picture ever taken.” This self-portrait is the first photographic portrait image of a human ever produced.

First Color Photograph [1861]Although color photography was

explored throughout the 19th century, initial experiments in color resulted in projected temporary images, rather than permanent color images. Moreover until the 1870s the emulsions available were not sensitive to red or green light.The first color photo, an additive projected image of a tartan ribbon, was taken in 1861 by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

First High Speed Photograph [1878]

• In 1887, using a series of trip wires, Eadweard Muybridge created the first high speed photo series which can be run together to give the effect of motion pictures. High speed photography is the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena. In 1948, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) defined high-speed photography as any set of photographs captured by a camera capable of 128 frames per second or greater, and of at least three consecutive frames.

INTRODUCTIONA CAMERA is a device that records images, either as a

still photograph or as moving images known as videos or movies.

A device for taking photographs by letting light from an

image fall briefly onto sensitized film, usually by means of a lens-and-shutter mechanism.

The term camera comes from the word camera obscura (Latin for "dark chamber")

An early mechanism of projecting images where an entire room functioned as a real-time imaging system

The modern camera evolved from the camera obscura.

HISTORYAlhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham) invented the Camera

Obscura in AD 1021 and explained why the images were upside down.

The first camera that was small and portable enough for practical use was built by Johann Zahn in 1685.

The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce.

The first colour photograph was made by Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell.

PARTS OF THE CAMERA

View Finder

Rewind Knob

FLASHSHOE

Aperture Ring

LENS

SHUTTER SPEED DIAL

WORKING OF CAMERA• As Light wave enters the lens at an angle , it bends in One direction. It bends again when it exitsthe lens due to space b/w glass & air…… 1St Lens 2nd Lens

WORKING OF CAMERA

TYPES OFCAMERA

FOLDINGCAMERA

BROWNIEBOX

CAMERAVIEW

CAMERA POLAROID INSTANCE

CAMERA

Folding CameraCompact design and movable

bellowsHave been in use for many years. Lens incorporated into bellows,

which is slid back and forth to change focus.

Dark cloth blocks out undesirable light

BROWNIE BOX CAMERAEarliest cameras used by the

general public.Relatively simple in design and

operation.Consist wooden or plastic box,

Drop-blade shutter, Holding device for the film.

Easy operation makes it popular camera for casual photographers.

View CameraUsed for portrait and still-life

photography.Geared track, precision

lenses,long bellows make the camera fairly complicated.

Capture difficult subjects such as buildings with a minimum of distortion.

CAMERA LENSES

CAMERA LENSESThe camera lens owes to the human eye.The lens focuses a parallel light beam to form an

inverted image.Lenses helps to avoid blurredness and far-off

photographs can be easily taken.Focal length of lens affects the field of view,

magnification, and depth of field of a lens.Light in weight and compact. Available in the best brands.

TYPES OF LENSESRange (in mm) Known as Properties

20 to 35 Wide-angle lenses Provide greater depth of field and include larger angle of view but provide relatively low magnification.

45 to 55 Normal lenses Produce an image that can be clearly seen by human eye.

Approx. 85 Telephoto lenses Constrict the field of view and decrease the depth of field.

More than 85 Zoom lens Can be adjusted continuously between two fixed limits.