Metaphor & Photography

AN ONLINE INTERACTIVE SYSTEM DESIGN

METAPHOR & PHOTOGRAPHY

WENZHUO DUAN DIGITAL WORLDS INSTITUTE

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA MASTER OF ARTS

Personal Procedure

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

Literature Review

My Question

Imaging is a human behavior that emphasizes on capturing, storing, and retrieving information from the images. !Imaging technologies amplify (also filter) our imagining powers, we must surely note another kind of power: the power to incite others to imagine. !Some people have such powers while others lack them. Since the mere imaging of situations can strongly affect human conception, desire, and behavior, those powers lead to wider ones, now much amplified by technologies (Maynard, 2000).

Photography

Imaging Technology-Photography

Imaging Technology-Photographer

Highly control the arrangement of information

Japanese Photographer, Tanaka Tatsuya

Imaging Technology-Photographer

Metaphors are the fundamental concepts, terms, and images by which information is easily recognized, understood, and remembered. Metaphors are commonly used to explain something unfamiliar or hard to grasp by way of comparison with something that is familiar and easy to grasp.(Wiley, 2004) !

Metaphors

Source

Target

My Question - Answer

Reference http://myteachingspirit.blogspot.com/

The Role of Metaphor in Interaction Design, Dan Saffer

“She is on the top of the situation”

“There is nothing in sight”

Orientate conceptual information

Create artificial Boundaries

Personify in terms of human emotion,motivation

Metaphor-Language

duanwenzhuo

Text

Reference http://myteachingspirit.blogspot.com/

The Role of Metaphor in Interaction Design, Dan Saffer

Orientate conceptual information

Create artificial Boundaries

Personify in terms of human emotion,motivation

Metaphor-Designer

Design process is a metaphor itself

Brainstorming technique

Deliberate tool

www.flyingmouse365.com

Imaging Technology-Designer

Imaging is a human behavior that emphasizes on capturing, storing, and retrieving information from the images. !Imaging technologies amplify (also filter) our imagining powers, we must surely note another kind of power: the power to incite others to imagine. !Some people have such powers while others lack them. Since the mere imaging of situations can strongly affect human conception, desire, and behavior, those powers lead to wider ones, now much amplified by technologies (Maynard, 2000).

Metaphor

Imaging Technology-Metaphor

Imaging Technologies

Photography

Metaphor

Metaphor involves imaging since it can make connection of invisibleand analogies as a source of explain to others what they are doing or trying to do, in terms that are familiar to them.(Lakoff & Johnson, 2003).

Photography as picture making and photographs as marked surfaces, whether permanent or transient (on screens), as depictions, prescribers and enticers of our imaginations, they are functional objects. (Maynard,2000) !Photography highly defined compositional form falsifies the medium, which is the joint product of the organizing mind and physical reality. (Kracauer,1960)

Existing Studies

“A website never sleeps”

Imaging Technologies This project is attempting to

combine metaphor and photography with human to establish a website and to inspire more possibilities in interaction design.

metaphorical visual components

“hidden letter” photographs

Online interactive system



1.Background

Metaphor

Photography

Metaphorical visual components “hidden letter” photographs

4 Future Research

3 Design

Human/Emotion

2 Research Design

1 Background - Literature Review


(Stimulus )

HumanInspiration

. . . . . .

More Possibilities

• Metaphor • Photography

Imaging Amplification System

1.2 Emotion in Interaction Design 1.2 Emotion in Interaction Design • Stimulus==>Human (Cognitive activity executed) =New Emotion • Interaction design for human: Tools==>Medium for emotions, sociability, pleasure)

1.3 Imaging Technologies as Stimulus for human to establish an interaction design • Metaphor in interaction design • Photography in interaction design

Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_design

The Theory of User Judgment of Aesthetics and User Interface Quality, Angeli, et al., 2006

1.1 Interaction Design:

1 Background - Literature Review

In interaction design, calling attention is the process of selecting things to concentrate on, at a point in time, from the range of possibilities available.

Interaction Design

• Metaphor• Photography

Deliberate Tool Concept & Icons !UI(User Interface) design requires Metaphors !Turn Attention

PhotoVoice Photographic Data !Extracted and Interpreted (multiple ways) !Call Attention

Reference Visual Anthropology: Photography as a Research Method, Collier

Interaction Design: Beyond human-computer interaction, John Wiley

The definition of “hidden letter” photographs, are photographs that contain an abstract symbolic shape that can be more or less interpreted as a “hidden letter” in it.

“Hidden Letter” Photographs=Metaphor+Photography

2.1 First-person perspective !2.2 Multiple person perspectives !2.3 Inspiration !

2 Research Design

same

samers

Reference www.mindmapinspiration.co.uk

Expectation A reasonable web design

2.1 First-Person Perspective

Obvious or Unobvious? Amplified alphabetical shapes? Amplified Imagination? New emotion?

Reason1: Metaphor & Words (philosophy of language/human cognition) Reason2: Non-textual & Textual information (photo/alphabet) Reason3: Human & Nature (limited/strengthen)

2.2 Multiple-Person Perspectives

2.2.1 Photo Classification

Platform: Facebook, Wechat Human: Graduate students from Digital Worlds Institute !!Conduction: 1, Gave them the definition of “hidden letter” photographs 2,Asked for picking 12 obvious and 5 unobvious according to the definition

Question: obvious or unobvious?


Conclusion1 Photos (metaphorical definition) = Differences + Similarities

2.2.1 Photo ClassificationSum of the votes

Obvious +1; Unobvious -1

Question: obvious or unobvious?

Narrow down the FOCUS

What is human’s preference when they’re asked to evaluated a photo?

Aesthetic ValueUsefulnessInformation Quality

Emotional EngagementMemory

Overall Preference

whether appealingwhether useful

whether positive

whether positive

whether memorable

whether positive

Importancemeasured byexplained by

Reference Interaction, Usability and Aesthetics” What Influences Users’ Preferences? Angeli, et. al

Interaction Design: beyond human-computer interaction, John Wiley

2.2.2 Metaphorical Stimulus Comparison


8

4



Specific

Importance

Group A

Group B

Importance

General

Importance

Importance

General

Pre-Test GroupA https://duanwenzhuo.typeform.com/to/AlSDtd !

Post-Test GroupA https://duanwenzhuo.typeform.com/to/JJLJN7

Pre-Test GroupB https://duanwenzhuo.typeform.com/to/ZLLfJ0!

Post-Test GroupB https://duanwenzhuo.typeform.com/to/y7LuGZ

2.2.2 Metaphorical Stimulus Comparison 5 point likert scale 1:1 Gender distribution


Difference

General Questions - Difference of the importance ranking


Pre Importance

Post Importance


Result: the least important “usefulness” showed the most positive increase after metaphorical stimulus(Group A).

Specific Questions - Difference of Average Scores



Result: the lowest score is “usefulness” on average.

Specific Questions - Fluctuation of each indexes

8 Obvious

4 Unobvious



Sum (obvious_Talk&Share) + Sum (unobvious_Talk&Share) = 3.1 + 1.6 = 4.7; Sum (obvious_Usefulness) + Sum (unobvious_Usefulness) = 2.5 + 2 = 4.5. !Result: the biggest differences between A and B are “usefulness” and “talk & share” .

Aesthetic Value

Usefulness

Information Quality

Engagement

Talk & Share

Overall Preference

Aesthetic Value

Usefulness

Information Quality

Engagement

Talk & Share

Overall Preference

General After Stimulus

2.2.2 Metaphorical Stimulus Ranking

!

!Usefulness: 6th->2rd

Talk&Share: 4th->1st


Conclusion2 Metaphorical stimulus easily affect: Usefulness + Talk&Share

the least importance unrealized

“If you are asked to use three words to describe this photo.”

2.2.3 Open-ended Feedback



Group A

8 Obvious

4 Unobvious



Group B


“Even though some of them are not appealing enough, information still can be enlarged by these photographs, to make memorable”

“I can feel what you are trying to do, I cannot explain but it makes feel that all the pictures have increased a level”

“I like pictures that are interesting”

“It’s boring”

“There are too many questions”


Group A

Group B


art and non-art major students

Different visual perception



Conclusion3 Metaphorical direction = Thought-provoking

2 Research Design

2.1 First-person perspective !2.2 Multiple person perspectives !2.3 Inspiration

Online interactive systemUsefulness Talk&Share

Thought-provoking

Differences Similarities

3 Design

Concept Design

Content Design

Creative Design Online interactive system

Thought-provoking


Usefulness Talk&Share

3 Design

Concept Design


Content Design

Creative Design

Thought-provoking

Tagging+Sharing+Guessing+Collecting

Research results & feedback

From Sight to Insight


Usefulness Talk&Share

Seeing=>Grasp Essentials Animal

Appearance Habit Behavior Characteristic Human

Grasp Essentials==>Seeing

when we see?

What do we see?

Invisible vs Visible Hide vs Seek

Seeing=>Grasp Essentials

Grasp Essentials==>Seeing

Photography Metaphor

+

EASY MODE




4 Future Research

Metaphor

Photography

Metaphorical visual components “hidden letter” photographs

• Photographer-photographee interactive experiment - multiple person/multiple photo data • Design - more functional/more content • Metaphor in interaction design - double edges/go in more depth

Literature ReviewIRB Protocol Design Draft

4.1 First Person Perspective

Preference Questionnaire Design is a process of iteration

4.2 Multiple Person Perspectives

Feedback for design

• Questionnaire - explanation/imagination by other visual components • Feedback - more organized/more critical • Design is a process of iteration - more tests/more feedback (in a long run)

4.3 More

Researchers • Differences: Non-art & art students • The camera as a research tool • Photography Therapy !Designers • Enthusiasm for science • Interesting and informative experience • The role of human

NASA Satellite Images The Big Hunt reCAPTCHA

What are those floaty things in your eye? - Michael Mauser https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6e_m9iq-4Q

Other Related Recommendation

Metaphorically speaking - James Geary https://www.ted.com/talks/james_geary_metaphorically_speaking?language=en#t-461474

5 Acknowledgment

I thank Angelos Barmpoutis, for offering me lots of information and inspiration patiently and helping me organize the structure of my study.

!I thank Lisa Anthony, for giving me practical and

powerful instructions for conduction of questionnaires. !I thank Patrick Pagano, for exposing me all sorts of

interesting knowledge to widen my horizon. !!!

I thank my father and mother, Sanji Duan and Meiwen Zhang, for supporting and trusting me all the time. ! I thank all of people who have ever helped me. I thank all of you sincerely.

More possibilities

Thank you

WENZHUO DUAN DIGITAL WORLDS INSTITUTE

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA MASTER OF ARTS

Art & Photos

Metaphor & Photography