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The scenes are peaceful, often depicting ripe harvests,
lovely gardens, manicured lawns with broad vistas,
and fattened livestock. The Picturesque refers to
the charm of discovering the landscape in its natural
state. The Subline refers to the thrill and danger of
confronting untamed Nature and its overwhelming
forces, such as thunderstorms and deep chasms.
Whereas the Pastoral and Picturesque reference
mankind’s ability to control the natural world, the
Sublime is a humbling reminder that humanity is not
all-powerful. Sublime images show Nature at its
most fearsome. Humans are small and impotent in
front of its rage. The Sublime emphasizes God’s
dominion over humanity .
Over the course of the 18th century there was a
remarkable change in attitudes toward nature,
discoverable in all the arts, especially literature,
painting and landscape architecture. It culminated
in the Romantic landscape tradition in Europe and
America in the 19th century, the golden age of
landscape painting. It marked a major change in
the relationship of man to nature. Three aesthetic
concepts established during the Romantic era
divided the natural world into categories: the
Pastoral, the Picturesque, and the Sublime. The
first two represent Nature as a comforting source
of physical and spiritual sustenance. Pastoral
landscapes celebrate the dominion of mankind
over nature. natural state.
Ivan Aivazovsky
(1817-1900)
The Ninth Wave is
Aivazovsky’s
"most celebrated
work“. He is
considered one of
the most
prominent
Russian artists
(especially in
marine art) and
one of the
greatest marine
artists of the 19th
century.
• The Danish landscape painter Peder Mork Monsted
Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)
Peder Mork Monsted (1859-1941)- leading Danish landscapist of his time