Andrea Wallace / @AndeeWallaceCREATe, University of Glasgow, & the National Library of Scotland

Display AtYour OwnRisk

Digital surrogate Material surrogate

T E R M I N O L O G Y

S U R R O G AT E S : I N - C O P Y R I G H T v P U B L I C D O M A I N

© David HockneyLicense this image

© Tate, CC-BY-NC-ND License this image

NAME THAT ARTWORK

WRONG.RMN-Grand Palais & Michel Urtadox200_84749_11-564761, 2014

Ascends into the public domain in 2090

= originality© new worknew authornew © term

=

‘Crowd looking at the Mona Lisa at the Louvre,’ by Victor Grigas, CC BY-SA 4.0, available at: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40250423

© Tate, London 2014

© The British Library Board © The National Archives (?)

© The National Archives (?)

© Glasgow Life

© Gemäldegalerie der StaatlichenMuseen zu Berlin

© Kansallisgalleria 2014© RMN-Grand Palais (Muséed'Orsay) / Hervé Lewandowski

Leonardo Da Vinci

L E T ’ S G E T M E T A : E X H I B I T I O N O F C U LT U R A L I N S T I T U T I O N S ’ W O R K S

Musée du Louvre

1

2

PUBLIC DOMAIN

©

‘Crowd lookingattheMonaLisaattheLouvre,’ byVictorGrigas,CCBY-SA4.0,available at:https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40250423

National Library of Scotland, Glasgow Print Studio

L E T ’ S G E T M E T A : P R O D U C E D B Y I N S T I T U T I O N S

Glasgow University Archives Services

3

4

S O M E T A

A copy… (DAYOR Photo)Of a copy... (DAYOR Print)Of a copy... (TNA Photo)Of an out-of-© work

Initial sample: 130 institutions 37 countries

• Policy (or not)• Title• Location• Translations• Online collections• ©• ©-by-contract• Prohibits all use• Charges for

commerical use

Final sample: 52 institutions 26 countries100 surrogates

FINDINGS

F I N D I N G S : O N L I N E P O L I C I E S ( T O N A M E J U S T A F E W )

• Impressum• Copyright• Legal Notice• Rights and Reproduction• Rights of Use• Imprint• Website Policy• Contact• Conditions• FAQ• Disclaimer Copyrights (which includes no such

disclaim of copyright)• Open Access

• Copyright and Reproductions• Intellectual Property Rights Policy• Terms of Use• Terms and Conditions• General terms of use for photo material• Request photograph• User Agreement• Image Reproductions and Copyright• Copyright, permissions and photography• Disclaimer• Image Usage Policy• About this site• Using Images

130 institutions: “Copyright” most common – 16 institutions

T AT E | 2 0 1 6

1. Copyright, permissions and photography2. Tate gallery rules3. Website terms of use4. Image licensing5. Copyright ‘orphan works’6. Creative Commons licenses and Tate7. Tate Images Copyright Policy 8. Digital Images Reproduction Policy (Tate Images)9. Creative Commons content10. A Brief Guide to Copyright.pdf

(65 pages)

Tate’s main website digital surrogate (version accessed 30 October 2015)

Tate-images.com

T AT E | 2 0 1 6

Tate Images commercial website digital surrogate (version accessed 2 July 2016)

Tate.org.uk

More restrictive

U N I T E D S T A T E S

2 0 I N S T I T U T I O N S

© © ? – T&Cs restrict use No © - T&Cs restrict use No © = Public Domain

• Art Institute of Chicago• Detroit Institute of Art• FAMSF, San Francisco• Guggenheim• Metropolitan Museum of Art• Museum of Modern Art• Museum of Fine Arts, Boston• Museum of Fine Arts, Houston• Philadelphia Museum of Art• Seattle Art Museum

• Huntington Library• Minneapolis Institute of Art

• Smithsonian Institutes (19) • Davison Art Gallery• Indianapolis Museum of Art• J. Paul Getty Museum• Library of Congress• Los Angeles Cnty Museum of Art• National Gallery of Art• Walters Art Museum

10 2 1 7

1. © [Cultural Institution]2. Copyright-by-contract3. Both

“All images on Mia’s websites that are not credited to a named person or organization are wholly owned or licensed by the Minneapolis Institute of Art.”

“The phrase ‘no known copyright restriction’ means . . . that the Content is unlikely to be protected by copyright interests and, in all likelihood, is in the public domain . . . . [T]he Smithsonian makes its content available for personal, non-commercial, and educational uses consistent with the principles of fair use.”

Expressly disclaims copyright in reproductions of public domain materials

E U R O P E A N U N I O N

5 8 I N S T I T U T I O N S – R E M O V E D : 1 5 C O N T E M P O R A R Y A R T M U S E U M S ; 9 H A D N O © P O L I C Y

© No © . . . or is there? No © = Public Domain

• Acropolis Museum• Belvedere• British Library• British Museum• Finnish National Gallery• Galleria d’Arte Moderna• Uffizi Gallery• Kelvingrove Museum (Glasgow Life)• Kunsthistorisches Museum• Musée d'Orsay• Musée du Louvre• Musée du quai Branly• Musées royaux des Beaux-Arts • Museo del Prado• Museo Reina Sofia

• Rijksmuseum • British Library • MKG Hamburg• SMK Denmark• National Library of Wales• Rijksmuseum (?)

30 1 5 (more like 3)

1. © [Cultural Institution]2. Copyright-by-contract3. Both

• No (real) online policy• Encourages reuse in

practice (Rijksstudio)• © in metadata of all

digital surrogates

Expressly disclaims copyright in reproductions of public domain materials (3)

• Museu Nacional Catalunya• MKG Hamburg• Museum of Liverpool• The National Archives (?)• National Galleries, Scotland• National Gallery, London• National Library of Scotland• National Museum Scotland• National Portrait Gallery• Royal Academy of Arts• Staatliche Museen zu Berlin• Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam• Tate• Van Gogh Museum• Victoria & Albert Museum

F I N D I N G S : O N L I N E P O L I C I E S

DAYOR is a research-led exhibition experiment concerned with the use and reuse of digital surrogates of public do-main works of art produced by cultural heritage institu tions of international repute.

Please join us at The Lighthouse in Glasgow for the Display At Your Own Risk exhibition opening. The exhibition opens on 8 June 2016 for one night only.

A number of exhibition prints will be given away by raffle at the close of the evening.

Refreshments will be provided.

8 June 20166:00 ‒ 8:30 pmThe LighthouseGlasgow

Four-tier risk organization:

• Open/No Risk (14): use allowed for any purpose; (28 works)

• Low (20): use allowed for personal, non-commercial and educational purposes only; (39 works)

• Medium (13): use prohibited, although legal exceptions may apply; (19 works)

• High (9): use prohibited, and no legal exception appears to apply; (14 works)

D AY O R R E S P O N S E S

D AY O R R E S P O N S E S

HOW “OPEN” ARE YOU?

BE ACCESSIBLEIF THE PUBLIC CAN’T

FIND IT, HOW CAN THEY FOLLOW IT?

1. Copyright, permissions and photography2. Tate gallery rules3. Website terms of use4. Image licensing5. Copyright ‘orphan works’6. Creative Commons licenses and Tate7. Tate Images Copyright Policy 8. Digital Images Reproduction Policy (Tate Images)9. Creative Commons content10. A Brief Guide to Copyright.pdf

(65 pages)

T AT E

M U S E E D ’ O R S AY

BE CLEARLEGALESE IS NOT A

UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE

The British Library:

“Copyright and Your use of the British Library WebsitesThe audio, video, text, images or other material made available on this website "the Site" by the British Library to you (collectively, the "Content") is either: protected by third-party rights such as copyright or trademarks (for which the British Library is permitted to make available to you), is copyright to The British Library Board, or are materials which are in the public domain or made available under a Creative Commons licence.”

BE STRAIGHTFORWARDUSERS OFTEN JUST

DON’T KNOW

BE REALISTICYOUR CONTENT WILL

BE REUSED

“If you're putting it out on the internet to tens of thousands of people, you can't expect people not to save it and redistribute it. It's not how it works. The internet is just like that. The only way to get around it is to make sure you keep on top of yours and make sure it keeps getting bigger."

BE HELPFULHELPING USERS WILL HELP YOU

BE GENEROUSYOU KNOW, AS MUCH

AS YOU CAN BE

USERS WANT ACCESSAND IF WE DON’T PROVIDE

ACCESS THEY’RE GOING TO BEAT US TO IT

#NEWPALMYRACCO

CyArk.orgNC, educational uses; CC-BY-NC

SHARING IS CARING:LEAD BY EXAMPLE

“If they want to have a Vermeer on their toilet paper, I’d rather have a very high-quality image of Vermeer on toilet paper than

a very bad reproduction.”

TacoDibbitsRijksmuseum,Amsterdam

Reiss Engelhorn Museum v. Wikimedia Foundation and Wikimedia Deutschland

Rudolf Stricker, Wikimedia Commons

“. . . the question for us is who should decide whether and especially how our holdings should be made available. Even if one supports the free public accessibility of cultural items on Wikipedia, it is difficult for us to comprehend that a single Wikipedia author claims the right to decide on their own to release to everybody the results of work created with public funds on Wikipedia for free and thus also for commercial use.”

Prof. Dr. Alfried WieczorekGeneral-Director of the Reiss Engelhorn Museum

“IMAGES IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN ARE LIKE TOOLS IN A

TOOLBOX – YOU CAN USE THEM FOR ALL MANNERS OF

PURPOSES. FEEL FREE TO LET YOUR IMAGINATION RUN WILD.”

Andrea Wallace@andeewallace