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ESOL level 2 presentation, Croydon College
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London Undergroundhistory and curiosity about a hidden megastructure
Summary
● Features● History and techical challenges
first underground train opened 147 years ago
● Technologybuilt near historical building without damaging them
● Curiositywhy only north of the river ?why is it closed during the night ?
Features
● The world's longest metro system● About 3 million riders a day● 270 stations● 11 lines● 400 km
History (1)
● 1850: London too crowded● Charles Pearson: train underground
● 1860-1863: Metropolitan railway (2,5 miles)
- a bold project (no previous experience)- trains with steam engines- tunnels digged from the ground: huge traffic disruption
The dummy houseLeinster Garden
History (2)
● 1900: electric trains from Germany● Battersea power station
steam turbines, large amount energyFinanced by Charles Yerkes (Chicago)
● 4 binaries trains
History (3)
● Other lines needed● Without traffic distruption
tunnel technique
● Water problems near the rivernew technology with steam
● System very expensiveNetwork expanded out of central London,into the suburbs.House built near the stationsCentral London attractive: cinema, circus,entertainment, mass publicity
History(4)
● Network expanded1868: Victoria… Northern, Circle, Central...1906: Piccadilly and Bakerloo lines. 1968: Victoria.1979: Jubillee line
● Used as refuge during the second World War- August 40 - July41: 40000 bomb explosions- underground life: sleeping on elevators, train with food, factories, ...- security problems
Technology
● Most of the train lines built over 100 years agomaintenance expensive
● Jubilee line- enormous achivement-built near historical building (lack foundations)- 7000 electronic monitors placed- near the river- problems with gas, tube lines, etc...
Curiosity (1)
● Why the underground is mainly built north of the Thames ?
Clay- solid- easy to perforate- impermeable to water
perfect for tunnels !
NorthSouth
Curiosity (2)
● Tube map First version Second version (1931)
Double number of riders after few months
Curiosity (3)
● Found remains of a Roman house(during London bridge station construction)
● Found rest of a monastery(Stratford station construction)
End
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