Diastrophism

AS TR O PIS

plate tectonics

Continental Drift Theory

DIASTROPHISM

DIASTROPHISM a presentation by: RUFFIE NYHL

CRUZ

DIASTROPHISM

FAULT is a fracture in the Earth’s crust along which measurable movement has occurred

TRENCH is a slope formed between two converging plates. They form from movement of faults.

PLATES is composed of a continental crust and an oceanic crust

PLATE TECTONICS is the movement of plates

DEFINITIONS

CONTINENTS – it compose the Earth’s lithosphere or the Earth’s crust

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY – a theory that states that the world came from a single super continent.

PANGAEA – is the super continentALFRED WEGENER – proposed the

Continental Drift Theory

DEFINITIONS

INTRUSION-pushes from the magma below that causes the surface to bulge.

FOLDING-bending upward and downward causing crumples in the surface.

CONVECTION CURRENT -movement pattern of magma and pressure in the mantle.

MAGMA-is hot molten material stored below the Earth’s crust.

DEFINITIONS

A general term that refers to the deformation of the Earth’s Crust, specifically folding and faulting.

It comes from the Greek word meaning “a twisting”.

DIASTROPHISM

Fault is a fracture in the Earth’s crust along which measurable movement has occurred.

.

FAULTS AND TRENCHES

Dip-slip-movement is up and down.

Strike-slip-movement is parallel.

TYPES OF FAULT

a . CONVERGENT

b . D IVERGENT

c . TRANSFORM

FAULT MOVEMENTS

One of the most active and the

most famous fault is the San

Andreas Fault in California.It is

said to move 1-10cm or 0.4-4.0

inches a year.

Trench is a slope between 2 converging plates.

Trenches form from the movement of faults.

TRENCH

The Philippine Archipelago and the Philippine trench alongside it may have been created by the movements of the China Plate and the Philippine Plate.

China Plate includes a large part of Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Borneo

and the Philippines. The Philippine Plate includes the Philippine sea, a part of

western Pacific ocean, islands of Palau, Yap, Marianas, Volcano and Bonin.

THE PHILIPPINE TRENCH

W hat forces affect crustal movements?

-push or a pull of magma in the Earth’s mantle

-convection currents-pressure

What forces affect crustal movements?

H ow do these forces affect the crust?

H ow do these forces affect the crust?

Although solid, the Earth’s crust may be pushed or pulled out of shape by great forces exerted on it over long periods of time. In short the Earth’s

crust is an elastic solid.

When a part of the crust is pushed form opposite directions it crumples, bending upward and

downward. This process is called

Pushes from magma below moving up and filling spaces

between rock layers may cause the surface to bulge, forming hills

and mountains. The process is called

intrusion

Unequal pulls and pushes on the crust from different directions

may become greater than the elastic limit of the rocks. Large

cracks may form. Continued pulling and pushing lengthens and widens the cracks, forming

faults.

A block of rock between two faults may either sink or rise.

Sunken rocks between faults are known as graben while rocks that

rise from two faults are called horst.

The process of moving Plates is called tectonics.

Thus, Plate Tectonics Theory deals with the movement of crustal plates.

This movements may be because of convection currents.

PLATE TECTONICS

Each plate is consists of an continental crust on top of an oceanic crust, or of an oceanic crust alone.

Earth has 6 major plates; Eurasian, African, Australian, American, Antarctic and the Pacific Plates.

PLATES

CONTINENTS

PANGAEACONTINENTS

CONTINENTS

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

n 1915, Alfred Wegener, suggested that about 200 million years ago the world had one large landmass, one continent. He called it Pangaea, a Greek word meaning for “all the world”.

I

ALFRED WEGENER

Supported the Continental Drift Theory of Alfred Wegener.

Concerned in the spreading of the mid Atlantic ridge.

The formation of the Red Sea between Saudi Arabia and Africa occurred in the same manner.

SEA FLOOR SPREADING

GLOMAR CHALLENGER

EARTH

…at present

EARTH

…million years ago

EARTH

Did you know???

W HO CAN GUESS???

Did you know that. . .1.One of the most active and the most

famous fault is the San Andreas Fault in

California. It is said to move 1-10cm or

0.4-4.0 inches a year.2.Faults that do not have regular activity may not move for several decades, but when it moves, it will trigger a

sudden 3ft or more in less than a second.

3.The Atlantic ocean floor has been found to be

widening by about 2.5cm a year.

4.The average temperature of the Earth

increases at a rate of about 3degrees

Celsius(5F) per 100m(330ft) of depth.

5.The Earth’s core is now about4,500C or

8,100F.

Did you know that. . . Did you know that. . .

DIASTROPHISM

DIASTROPHISM presented by: RUFFIE NYHL CRUZ

DIASTROPHISM

NAS102 TUESDAYS & FRIDAYS 02:30-04:00 ESLAB