WPF for developers - optimizing your WPF application

Tamir KhasonSoftware consultermPrest systems

:// . . . / /http blogs microsoft co il blogs tamir

Think in terms of scenarioDon’t push to the limitDo only what you have to do

Set your final goalsTarget customer’s expectationsDon’t try to do things “smarter”

WPF is managed codeDon’t forget about memoryDo as little as possible on startup

WPF is retained systemYou have no pixels, you have a treeMinimize trees, keep changes locally

Dependency Dependency ObjectObject

VisualVisual

UIElementUIElement

Framework Framework ElementElement

ControlControl

ShapeShape

FreezableFreezable

AnimatableAnimatable

DrawingDrawingGeometryGeometry

Style, Resources, Binding, PropertiesStyle, Resources, Binding, Properties

TemplatesTemplates

AnimationAnimation

Transformation, Bounds, ClipTransformation, Bounds, Clip

Input, Focus, Layout, Routed EventsInput, Focus, Layout, Routed Events

Change notifications, multithreadingChange notifications, multithreading

Rendering threadRendering thread – mostly GPU, unmanaged

Part of tree to render, PROBLEMS (which hard to detect)

UI threadUI thread - CPU only, managedAll services, your code, tree, PROBLEMS

Bitmap EffectsRenderTargetBitmapTilebrushOperations requires more RAM, then available in video cardLayered windows

Your code is running hereIt runs in CPU onlyVisual tree is living hereMost of your performance problems are here!

Use smaller Visual TreeDon’t force unnecessary measurementsVirtualize your dataUse static resourcesMove your code into other threadCreate your own other UI threads

FrameworkElement is not base class

Shapes vs. DrawingPolyline vs. StreamGeometry

Not every “control” is controlEach TextBox contains 30 elementsEach Label contains 5 elementsEach TextBlock contains only one

Use TextBlockUse TextFormatterOr even GlyphRuns directlyTextBlock is 32 times faster then FlowDocumentUse fewer elements, everything in WPF have costs

Label = 3 X 5 = 15Label = 3 X 5 = 15

Grid = LayoutGrid = Layout

ViewBox = Layout + ViewBox = Layout + MeasurementsMeasurements

ListBox is too complicated ListBox is too complicated for such layoutfor such layout

VirtualizingStackPanel is VirtualizingStackPanel is 70x faster, then 70x faster, then

StackPanelStackPanel

ScrollViewer ScrollBarVisibility = AutoDon’t calculate nothingDon’t tickle Layout Engine

FrameworkElement Width/Height= AutoDon’t you know the real size of content? Resize = layout = tree walkWhy to measure?

GridLength.Star, ResizeMode, SizeToContentWant dynamic behavior – do it, but not too muchMake sure, it’s absolutely necessary

Canvas in the smallest content control – it much smaller, then Grid

More rows and columns means bigger treeCustom cell template = more then 60 FrameworkElements

Instantiate on demand

VirtualizingStackPanel is 70x faster, then StackPanel

You can virtualize data by yourself

Virtualization does delete and create tree – measure before implementing

StaticResource vs. DynamicResourceStaticResource = one evaluationDynamicResource = one reference

Use ResourceDictionary to share resources

You can Load and Unload resources on demand

Scale your images

Freeze whenever you can

IList vs. IEnumerable

XML vs. CLR

SelectedIndex calls to IndexOf

Set DataContext instead XAML and switch it on Application.OnActivated

DependencyProperty is x3 faster, then INotifyPropertyChanged

ICustomPropertyDescriptor is your friend for vary property set

ObservableCollection<T> is x90 faster accesses single item, then List<T>

ObjectDataProvider is x20 smaller, then XmlDataProvider

<ObjectDataProvider x:Key="cars" ObjectType="{x:Type l:Cars}" IsAsynchronous="True“/>

…<Canvas

DataContext="{StaticResource cars}“>

<Image Width="1024" Height="768" Source="{Binding Path=BigImage,

Mode=OneWay, NotifyOnTargetUpdated=True}"

RenderOptions.CachingHint="Cache" RenderOptions.BitmapScalingMode="LowQuality">

</Canvas>

It’s asynchronousIt’s asynchronous

It applies everywhere It applies everywhere only onceonly once

It’s manual and one wayIt’s manual and one way

And saves a And saves a lot of lot of

unmanaged unmanaged resourcesresources

public class Car : DependencyObject

public static readonly DependencyProperty BigImageProperty; FrameworkPropertyMetadata(

default(BitmapSource),FrameworkPropertyMetadataOptions.None));

public class Cars : ObservableCollection<Car>

Setter is slower, but Setter is slower, but getter is much fastergetter is much faster

This property does not This property does not affects neither affects neither

measurement, nor measurement, nor renderingrendering

It’s much better to add It’s much better to add and remove items and remove items

without regeneration without regeneration controlcontrol

DispatcherOperation oper = Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(

DispatcherPriority.Background, LoadFromXML);

Application.Current.Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(DispatcherPriority.Background, (SendOrPostCallback)delegate(object o)

{ CreateCarNode (o); }, node)

BitmapImage image;image. DecodePixelWidth = 200;image.Freeze();

Invoke time consuming Invoke time consuming operations operations

asynchronously with low asynchronously with low prioritypriority

Invoke recent and fast Invoke recent and fast operations asynchronously operations asynchronously

with low prioritywith low priority

Scale and freeze unmanaged and static Scale and freeze unmanaged and static resourcesresources

ColdStart - After reboot or long period of time

Resources are not presentsSystem calls (registry, disk)

WormStart CLR components are already loadedResources are allocated

Tier 0Tier 0Tier 1Tier 1Tier 2Tier 2DX < 7DX < 77 <= DX < 97 <= DX < 9

Video RAM >= 30MBVideo RAM >= 30MB

Pixel Shader >= 1.0Pixel Shader >= 1.0

Vertex Shader >= 1.0Vertex Shader >= 1.0

DX >= 9DX >= 9

Video RAM >=120 MBVideo RAM >=120 MB

Pixel Shader >= 2.0Pixel Shader >= 2.0

Vertex Shader >= 2.0Vertex Shader >= 2.0

Multitexture units >=4Multitexture units >=4

Tier 0Everything is unaccelerated

Tier 1 (YES)Most 2-D Rendering & 3-D Rasterization

Tier 1 (NO)3D lighting calculations, Color-keyed alpha and Text rendering

Tier 2 (YES)Radial Gradients3-D lighting calculationsText rendering3-D antialiasing (Windows Vista™ only)

Always unaccelerated Bitmap Effects, Printed Content, RenderTargetBitmapTilebrush (Tilemode == Tile), Big SurfacesOperations requires more RAM, then available in video cardLayered windows

0%20%40%60%80%

100%BeforeAfter

99%

1% 0%

Rendering Application

System

61%

4%

35%

Rendering Application

System

Before After

Don’t put performance testing to the endDo prioritize performance in dev. Plan“Kill ‘em when they small”

Plan performance-oriented featuresTest on real world hardwareShare your knowledge with designers

Know how things work “under the hoods”

Just code – Tamir Khasonhttp://blogs.microsoft.co.il/blogs/tamir/

WPF Performance on MSDNhttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa970776.aspx

Josh Smith on WPF http://joshsmithonwpf.wordpress.com/

Henry Hahn – WPF Program Managerhttp://blogs.msdn.com/henryh/

Tim Cahill – WPF Performance Guidancehttp://blogs.msdn.com/timothyc/

Windows Presentation Foundation SDKhttp://blogs.msdn.com/wpfsdk/

Ian Who – VSTS profilerhttp://blogs.msdn.com/ianhu/

Rico Mariani – Performance Tidbitshttp://blogs.msdn.com/ricom/

Dwayne Need – Presentation Sourcehttp://blogs.msdn.com/dwayneneed/

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