Tsm planning

TOURISM PLANNING

Prepared by: Ma'am L

Integrated Planning and Development

PROACTIVE APPROACH – requires deep and thorough understanding of not only the local economy and its structure, limitations and strengths, but also the probable effects of external factors, how they may impinge on the local developent process and what form these external effects are likely to take.

REACTIVE APPROACH – based upon the premise that there are too many variables, internally and externally, to be able to plan

TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT

Tourism product characteristics Tourism as a means of wealth distribution

Tourism as labor-intensive industry Tourism and on-the-job training

The structure of tourism Protectionism Multitude of industry Price flexibility Price Competitive Seasonality

TOURISM PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS

>>> Uniqueness>>> Multiplier effect>>> Leakage

TOURISM AS A MEANS OF WEALTH DISTRIBUTION

>>> fastest earners of foreign exchange

>>> domestic tourism – effective means of income redsitribution

TOURISM AS A LABOR-INTENSIVE INDUSTRY

>>> generation of employment opportunities

>>> importation of labor

TOURISM AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

>>> educational qualifications>>> education and training

STRUCTURE OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY

>>> SME's>>> International Hotel Chains>>> Independent flight operators>>> National airline giants

MULTITUDE OF INDUSTRIES

>>> different tourism sectors>>> employment mutipliers>>> tourist expenditure

PRICE FLEXIBILITY

>>> product differentiation

>>> price sensitivity

PRICE COMPETITIVE

SEASONALITY

>>> supply and demand factors>>> consumption of tourists

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING LAYERS

International tourism planning National tourism planning Regional/Local tourism

planning

THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT PLANNING PROCESS

Study recognition and preparation Setting of objectives or goals for the strategy Survey of existing data Implementatin of new surveys Analyses Policy and plan formulation Recommendations Implementation of the plan Monitoring and reformulation

DEVELOPMENT PLAN TEAM

The Development plan team wil consist of four groups of specialists, falling into the broad categories of technical services, marketing specialists, planners and economists

DEVELOPMENT PLAN FIVE DISTINCT PHASES

Identification and inventory of the existing situation

Forecasts for the future Plan formulation Specific project development Implementation

The successful development of tourism requires the construction of a development plan or strategy that is flexible and thorough.

Flexibility is required in order to adjust and reformulate in response to internal and external changes.

Thoroughness is required because of the complexity of the tourismindustry and the economic, environmental and social consequences

of its development.

Although the process of tourism development planning will be specific from destination to destination there are processes that need to be followed at

national and sub-national levels and these processes provide the framework for tourism development planning.

Tourism development plan failure is likely to be attributable to failures ateither the design stage (inadequate planning structure) or the

Implementation stage .

It is important that authorities have contingency plans in place to deal withunexpected events that may knock the tourism strategy off corse.