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Struts

Web Technologies – Struts – WS 2010/11

Felix Matenaar, Ivan GolodPatrick Schlebusch, Petru Nicolaescu

18.11.10 Web Technologies

History

Server-side for dynamic web pages and web applications:

Common Gateway Interface – CGI

Overloaded server

ISAPI and Apache DSO

ASP

Java

JavaServer Pages – JSP

Java servlets

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Motivation Model 1:

JSP handles all responsibilities:

Processing request

Validating data

Handling business logic

Generating response

Good for small projects

Disadvantage:

Page design is intermixed with business logic

Inadmissible for big projects

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MVC

ViewModel

Controller

Model 2:

Separates display of content from business logic

Model-View-Controller Pattern

Invented in Smalltalk at Xerox

Model - behavior and data

View - renders the model

Controller – receives input and initiates a response

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What is Struts?

Framework for MVC in Java Web Applications

Components:

Extensible controller implementation Front controller

Own servlets realize actual functionality

Tag libraries for the JSPs HTML Forms

Internationalization

AJAX

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MVC In Struts

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View

JSPTags

Model

Java Beans

Controller

ActionServlet

Actionstruts-config.xml

ActionForm

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Architecture & Request Life Cycle

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Front Controller Action

Template(e.g. JSP)

Configuration

request

response Provided by Struts

Created by developer

Interceptor (Struts 2)

Tags

result

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Action; Action Form The Action class

execute() : ActionForward

ActionForward, associated with current request

Configuring the action classes

The ActionForm

Associated with html form

Respects JavaBean specification

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Configuration File: struts-config.xml

Available under “WebContent\WEB-INF”

ActionForm declaration

Action Mappings

General mapping

any request to a resource with .do extension will be taken by Struts’ ActionServlet

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A whole bunch of frameworks

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DjangoRuby on Rails

Zend

Solarphp

Typo3

Google Web Tookit

StrutsWeb2py

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Criteria

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performance

user feeling

infrastructure costs

security

availability

data loss → image loss

development speed

time to market

always offer latest technology

Not only the framework design but also the programming

Language influence the applicability

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Cursory comparison

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Criteria Struts Django Zend Rails

Language Java Python PHP Ruby

Typing Strict Duck Duck Duck

Concept MVC MVC MVC MVC

Performance ++ - - -

Security o + - - ++

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Summary

Big projects should separate

business logic and presentation

Struts is an MVC framework

Java

Scalable

Controller -> Actions

View -> JSP

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The end

Thank you!

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Literature

http://struts.apache.orgFramework Download, Documentation, Tutorials, etc..

Ian Roughley - „Starting With Struts 2“(http://www.infoq.com/minibooks/starting-struts2)

James Holmes - „Struts: The Complete Reference“

http://www.javauc.com/java/727