Soil biology oe

HANDOUT 1

GEOGRAFI TANAH

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN GEOGRAFIFAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKANUNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?

Apa saja yang tinggal di dalam tanah?

CO2

O2

Detritus (Plant Debris)

FungiEarthworms

Bacteria

Soil Humus

energy

Size of Soil Organisms

Meso or mid-size(2–0.2 mm)

Micro or small(<0.2mm)

EarthwormEarthworm

MiteMite

BacteriaBacteria

YeastYeast

SpringtailSpringtail

Macro or large(>2 mm)

Species and function• Animals

– Vertebrates: gophers, mice, vole, snakes

– Arthropods: spiders, ants, beetles

– Annelids: earthworms

– Mollusks: snails

– NematodesParasitic nematodes in insect larvae

Parasitic nematodes in insect larvae

Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode

Mouth parts of bacteria-feeding nematode

Water bearWater bear

Predatory nematode

Termite

Snail

EarthwormEarthworm

Vole

Soil AnimalsSoil Animals

Centipede

Pseudoscorpion

Soil mesofaunaSoil mesofauna

Nematodes

MitesMites

Soil microorganisms Soil microorganisms

Fungi

BacteriaBacteria

Fungi

The rhizosphere

PlantRoot

• The zone of soil that is significantly influenced by living roots

• Usually extends about 2mm out from the root surface

• The rhizosphere is enriched in organic material due to root exudates and sloughed off root cells.

• Microbial activity in the rhizosphere may be 2 – 10 greater than in the bulk soil.

Species and function

FungiFungi

AM fungusAM fungus

Slime moldSlime mold

MushroomMushroom

ProtistsProtists

FlagellateFlagellateCiliateCiliate

AmoebaAmoeba

RedyeastRed

yeast

Soil factors that affect microorganism growth

• Organic matter

• Aeration (oxygen)

• Moisture and temperature

• Soil fertility and pH

Cacing Tanah (Earthworm)

WaterWater

Soil particlesSoil particles Plant rootsPlant roots

Soil is a habitatSoil is a habitat