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Presented by Barbara Szonyi,Tamsin Dewé and Delia Grace at the Workshop on ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Benchmarking Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 6-9 November 2013
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Safe Food, Fair Food
Barbara Szonyi,Tamsin Dewé, Delia Grace
ICARDA-ILRI Training on Tools for Benchmarking Sheep and Goat Value Chains in Ethiopia,
Addis Ababa, 6-9 November 2013
Presentation outline
Objectives and goals of SFFF Timeline of activities What has been done Results so far Current and future work
Safe Food, Fair Food
Risk-based approach to food safety– Structured way of evaluating and dealing with
risks– Identifies major risks in
food value chain from farm
to fork (multidisciplinary)– Identifies most useful
points of intervention
4
Hazard identification
Hazard characterization Exposure assessment
Risk characterization
Risk management/ Risk communication
What harm does it cause?How does harm depend on
dose?
Can it be present in food? Can it cause harm?
How does it get from source to victim?
What happens along the way?
What is the harm?What is its likelihood?
Participatory methods fit
well
Codex Alimentarius framework for food safety risk assessment
Study sites in Ethiopia# VCs District Sites/villages/
communitiesRegion
Highlands1 Sheep 1 Atsbi 1. Habes
2. Golgol na’ele
Tigray
2 Sheep 2 Doyogena 1. Serea
2. Bkafa
SNNP
3 Sheep 3 Menz 1. Molale
2. Mehal Meda
Amhara
4 Sheep 4 Horro/Shambu 1. Gitlo
2. Lakku Iggu
Oromia
5 Goat 1 Abergelle 1. Sazba (Amhara)
2. Felegehiwot (Tigray)
Amhara/Tigray
Lowlands6 Goat 2 Yabello (Borana) 1. Eleweya
2. Darito
Oromia
7 Goat/Sheep Shinelle 1. Gad
2. Degah Jebis
Somalia
Strategy & Timeline
Qualitative assessment of
food safety risks (yr 1)
In-depth, quantitive
assessment (yr 1-2)
Identify and pilot best-bet interventions
(yr 2-3)
Disseminate findings –
engagement of food safety stakeholders
(yr 3)
Upgrade training
curricula to include pro-
poor risk analysis
(yr 3)
6
Continuous monitoring and evaluation and impact assessment
Qualitative assessment of food safety in the value chain
Participatory Rural Appraisals and Focus Group Discussions– Topics included animal health, consumption
patterns, food preparation, and perceptions of quality and safety of meat and milk
Outputs– ASF production and consumption cycles and
constraints on these – Food selection and handling practices– Risk awareness and management
Food safety risks
Low level of consumption of ASF– Nutritional deficiencies– Gender differences in consumption
Consumption of raw and/or lightly cooked meat
Consumption of raw milk Consumption of sick animals Drug residues in meat
Constraints on animal production
Major constraints on production is disease and lack of feed
Most important health problems are respiratory disease, ecto-, and endoparasites, diarrhea– Site-dependent variation
Proportional morbidity in sheep
Respiratory disease12%
Bottle jaw9%
Ectoparasites9%
Coenurosis36%
Entero-toxaemia
29%
Other5%
Atsbi
Respiratory disease
30%
Bottle jaw18%
Orf9%
Diarrhoea17%
Pink eye5%
Lamb mor-tality6%
Grain over-load/bloat6%
"Big head"11%
Other2%
Doyogena
Respiratory disease
30%
Bottle jaw27%
Diarrhoea22%
Grain overload/bloat5%
Coenurosis11%
Blindness2%
Other5%
Horro
Sheep pox28%
Respiratory disease
24%
Bottle jaw11%
Starvation16%
Orf7%
Diarrhoea9%
Other7%
Menz
Proportional mortality in sheep
Coenurosis5% Bottle jaw
2% Respiratory disease2%
Ectoparasites3%
Entero-toxaemia
18%
Starvation64%
Predation6%
Atsbi
Bottle jaw15%
Diarrhoea13%
Respiratory disease
38%
Bloat/grain overload
10%
Lamb mortality11%
Predation7%
Accident6%
Doyogena
Coenurosis9%
Bottle jaw14%
Diarrhoea14%
Respiratory disease
25%
Bloat/grain overload3%
Blindess1%
Lameness1%
Starvation2%
Predation30%
Other3%
Horro
Coenurosis7%
Bottle jaw9%Diarrhoea
5%
Respiratory disease
27%Sheep pox23%
Orf5%
Bloat/grain overload
2%
Unknown cause
3%
Starvation15%
Predation6%
Menz
Proportional morbidity in goats
Respiratory disease
13%
Diarrhoea33%
PPR26%
Ectoparasites12%
Coenurosis8%
Other8%
Abergelle Amhara
Respiratory disease
29%
Diarrhoea20%
PPR15%
Ectoparasites16%
Coenurosis4%
Other16%
Abergelle Tigray
Respiratory disease13%
Bottle jaw9%
Diarrhoea10%
Ectoparasites3%
Coenurosis51%
Enterotoxaemia10%
Other5%
Borena
Respiratory disease20%
PPR20%
Ectopar-asites25%
Babesiosis15%
FMD13%
Other7%
Shinelle
Proportional mortality in goats
Coenurosis7%
Diarrhoea15% Respiratory
disease4%
PPR8%
Ectoparasites2%
Starvation25%
Predation29%
Accident9%
Other1%
Abergelle Amhara
Diarrhoea7%
Respiratory disease
12%PPR1%Ectoparasites
3%Periparturient
4%
Toxicity8%Starvation
19%
Predation41%
Other5%
Abergelle Tigray
Coenurosis43%
Bottle jaw7%
Diarrhoea13%
Respiratory disease8%
Ectoparasites1%
Enterotoxaemia6%
Starvation14%
Predation8%
Accident2%
Other1%
BorenaRespiratory disease
6%
PPR9%
Ectoparasites4%
Babesiosis3%
Starvation43%
Predation20%
Accident15%
Shinelle
Site Reasons for inclusion Reasons for exclusion Included?Abergelle Heavy reliance on small ruminants as sources of income
and nutrients Potential for improving milk production Consumption of sick animals Consumption of raw milk (frequency unknown) Perceived association between drinking milk with disease Gender-based imbalance in consumption
Limited consumption of small ruminant meat
Boiling of milk already reported (frequency unknown)
Yes (milk)
Atsbi Consumption of sick animals Consumption of raw meat varies by village Sheep milk consumed by children (including directly from
animal), and goat milk by whole family
Infrequent consumption of small ruminant meat
Small ruminant milk minor part of diet
Boiling of milk always occurs
Perhaps (milk)
Borena Increased intake of small ruminant meat compared to other sites
Consumption of sick animals Consumption of raw milk and meat Early cessation of exclusive breastfeeding Possible role of drug residues in meat
Very little consumption of small ruminant products in neighbouring town
Yes (meat and milk)
Doyogena Consumption of raw or lightly cooked offal Possible role of drug residues in meat
Limited consumption of small ruminant meat
Little consumption of sick animals
No
Horro Consumption of raw or lightly cooked meat and offal Some access to butcher shops Some consumption of sick animals;
Limited consumption of small ruminant meat
No consumption of small ruminant milk
No
Menz Consumption of raw and lightly cooked meat and offal Some consumption of sick animals
Limited consumption of small ruminant meat
No consumption of small ruminant milk
No
Shinelle Consumption of raw milk Access to meat markets in Shinelle and Dire Dawa High frequency of meat consumption by urban Muslims
Limited consumption of small ruminant meat in villages
No consumption of raw meat by Muslims
Yes (meat and milk)
Quantitative risk assessment
Questionnaires for producers, consumers and value chain actors
Biological sampling in abattoirs– Coliforms, E. coli 0157:H7– Campylobacter– Salmonella– antimicrobial resistance
Future work
Identify best-bet interventions Pilot study of intervention Activities at regional level – engaging food
safety stakeholders to promote an enabling environment for pro-poor food safety management
Upgrading academic and training curricula
Safe Food, Fair Food
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