Property-based Access of RDF Data

Web Science & Technologies

University of Koblenz ▪ Landau, Germany

Property-based Typing for RDF-Access

– A Vision –

Stefan ScheglmannGerd Gröner

Gerd Grönergroener@uni-koblenz.de 2

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Publishing Linked Data on the Web - Status

1. Huge collections of open and governmental data are published as Linked Data

2. Data enrichment Meta data Micro formats

for semantic search and exploration

representationformalism?

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… the Technology: RDF and Linked Data

Data model with formal semantics Flexible data representation Extendable Deal with incomplete data

Linked Data

Best practice to publish structured data on the web

Observation: successful publishing and exploration of data on the Web

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What is the problem?

➔ The flexible data model makes it difficult for applications to access the data

RDF • Missing type statements• Incomplete information• Changing data• Heterogeneous data

API• Type system• Fixed data schema

- properties

data access

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Example - Scenario

e-participationplatform

Users:(Accounts, available user data)

Platformuser

Facebook

LinkedIn...

dataaccess

- read user data- send news- …

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Example

alice rdf:type ex:citizen.

bob rdf:type ex:citizen.

dave rdf:type ex:citizen.

eric rdf:type ex:citizen.

alice foaf:name "Alice".

alice foaf:mbox "alice@home.com".

alice foaf:interest <http://wikipedia.org/Literature>.

bob foaf:name "Bob".

bob foaf:mbox "bob@mail.com".

bob foaf:interest <http://wikipedia.org/Cinema>.

candy foaf:name "Candy".

candy foaf:mbox "candy@coldmail.com".

dave foaf:name "Dave".

dave foaf:mbox "dave@online.com".

Send mail to all citizenwith name and mbox!

→ Candy?

Modify/read interest of all citizen!

→ Dave?

API with methods:

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Example (2)

eric rdf:type ex:citizen.

alice foaf:interest <http://wikipedia.org/Literature>.

eric foaf:name "Eric".

eric ex:member <http://cinemafriends.com>.

<http://cinemafriends.com> ex:interest

<http://wikipedia.org/Cinema>.

API with methods:

Find interest ofcitizen!→ Eric?

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How should a solution look like?

There might be missing type statements➔ access data based on properties

(e.g., to define methods)s

Send mail to all citizenwith name and mbox!

→ Candy?

Modify/read interest of all citizen!

→ Dave?

API with methods:

There might be missing properties➔ access data with

Required and optional properties

Find interest ofcitizen!→ Eric?

There might be implicit properties.➔ access data with properties that are

derived (by reasoning or navigation)

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Outline

1. Object Triple mapping

How to achieve a possible solution?

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Mapping Triples to Objects

Background: object relational mapping

Design patterns:RDB

DomainModel

mapper

Application development language data

Citizen

namembox

mapper

- class to table- table columns to attributes- foreign key to object relations- every tuple to an object

Example: Class to table

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Map Triples to Objects (2)

1. Define a class for each type

bobalice

Citizen

alice bob

2. Triples to objects - resources to objects - predicates to attributes or relations

Basic Idea

citizen

cinema

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Map Triples to Objects (3)

… but does this solve the problem?

1. We need types for classes.

bobalice

Citizen

2. We can not state properties as optional

access

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Outline

2. Class definitions like in OWL

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Expressive Class Definitions

Constructs for property specifications of classes

… does this solve our problem?

➔ not possible in RDF➔ not realized in Linked Data

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Outline

3. Extract schema

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Schema Extraction and Type Provider

➔ 1. Step: Derive schema

Schema is based on property statements

RDF data

schema extraction

group instances that share some properties

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Schema Extraction and Type Provider

2. Step: Use Type Provider

component that provides types, properties, and methods in programs

• i.e., programmers get type information of entities (like databases) they work with

F# offers built-in type providers and allows user defined providers

… does this solve our problem?

➔ Schema is a snapshot

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Outline

3. Extract schema

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Requirements for a solution

- namembox

- namembox- interest

- namembox- interest- member

- hierarchies- specialization

Property-based Types:

- namembox- phone

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Requirements for a solution (2)

Flexible Type System

➔ Extendable

- namembox

- namembox OR web- interest

- namembox- phone- skype

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Requirements for a solution (3)

- namembox- interest

- namembox

- interest

Inference:➔ Derive properties➔ Derive type

member

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Current Status

Build on types and extracted schema

• Object Triple mapping • Class specifications (for incomplete data)• Schema extraction and type provider (e.g., F#)

Incomplete and flexible RDF data representation

• Missing type statements• Property-centric• Extendable

… or the trade-off between persistent data access and flexible representation

… how to bring these “worlds” together?

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Outline

3. Extract schema

Our vision / statement

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Statement

New Programming Paradigm:

“Property-based typing for RDF data access”

Basic idea:

Data “Typing”

Types(incomplete)

+Traits:Set of

properties

API- specify operations

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Example (Property-based Access)

alice foaf:interest <http://wikipedia.org/Literature>

bob foaf:name "Bob".

bob foaf:mbox "bob@mail.com".

bob foaf:interest <http://wikipedia.org/Cinema>

candy foaf:name "Candy".

candy foaf:mbox "candy@coldmail.com".

dave foaf:name "Dave".

dave foaf:mbox "dave@online.com".

Traits:- foaf:mbox- foaf:name

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Conclusion … Discussion

What are the challenges in a property-based approach for programming the semantic Web?

Which are the implications that solutions of these challenges could have?

New Programming Paradigm: “Property-based typing for RDF data access”

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Discussion: Challenges

Type hierarchies (property-based):

1. How to build a reliable type hierarchy based on property sets?

i. Schema extraction

ii. Formal concept analysis

(for occurring property combinations)

2. How to combine property-based types and type statements (rdf:type)?

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Discussion: Challenges (2)

Incompleteness

1. How to interpret a missing property?➔ Missing or unknown?

2. How to achieve type inference (like in RDFS)?

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Discussion: Challenges (3)

Contracts➔ Method and type contracts (based on property sets)

1. How to declare optional and required properties?

2. Can we support global and local contracts?

Property-based Access of RDF Data

Technology

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