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Plant cell systems
Sebastian Alvarado
Why plants?
VERY SUCCESSFUL
BANANA CRISIS
Prices increasing…..
Why?
Do you like to eat eat eat apples and bananas?
Cavendish
The banana is optimized for a consumer market
8 BILLION dollars a year…. How do you like them bananas?
How do we make bananas?
• Musa acuminata /balbisiana hybrid• The Cavendish is the most commonly bought
sold and eaten variety of banana…• Their very production is bottlenecks their
genetics….• Gros Michelle 1950s– Resistant to fungicide– Banana roots– All plantations destroyed
Banana Genetics
• Sterility is caused by triploidy
• No ability to undergo meiosis
• No sex for bananas
Transgenic future for the banana?
What types of traits do we try to confer to plants?
• Pest Resistance• Disease resistance• Drought resistance• Nutrient/Pharmaceuticals
Good ol’ days of genetic manipulations
• Mutation breeding….• Exposing plants to mutagens and handpicking
those that could be bred to a useful crop.
Reverse Genetics
Resistance to disease/pests
What was the first GM plant?
• Tobacco (1986)• Resistant to herbicides• Streamline Tobacco production pipelines
Sidenote…. Do all small molecules target perfectly?
Roundup ready…
VS
Pest resistance
Bt
Drought resistance
• Adaptations to stomata• Water storage• Root systems• Trichomes (absorption)• Waxy Cuticle
Sidenote: Insectivorous plants
Pests?
LOL
Any other traits worth checking out?
Discuss
Transfection
• Agrobacterium• Gold gun• Viruses
How would you identify your transformants?
Golden Gun
And viruses
• Tobacco mosaic virus• Cauliflower mosaic virus• CaMV 35S….. STRONG PROMOTER
Terminator seed technologies
$$$
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