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Jan Heeger from Red Cross Netherlands gave a presentation on pit emptying devices in emergency situations during the Faecal Sludge Management Lunch Meeting in The Hague, The Netherlands, on 17 April 2014. This meeting was organised by IRC with support from DGIS.
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Background
Gap Analysis in Emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion (HIF 2013)1. Latrines in locations where no pits are
possible (urban, high watertable/flooding)2. Latrine emptying and desludging3. Final sewage disposal options after
desludging and treatment4. Urban alternatives for excreta disposal
The development of latrine emptying kit (equipment) to be used by humanitarian organisations in emergency settings or how to empty latrines if desludge trucks are not available
Objective of the project:
MALAWI TRIALS FOR PIT EMPTYING/DISLUDGING
•800 liter sludge tank •200 liter
clean water tank•Gasoline
engine 6,6 kW / 9hp Honda•Vacuum
pump 2.500l/min High pressure Installation, set on 60 bar•30 meter
3”hose for increased access
ROM2•500 liter
sludge tank •No clean
water tank•6 kW diesel
engine, 3-6 km/hr
•Vacuum pump 2.200l/min.
•30 meter 3”hose for increased access
Vacutug
• Atalanta Pelican 351 Diaphragm sludge pump with
• Lombardini 15LD225 diesel engine
• Solids handling up to 40 mm
• Dry run without damage
• Self priming to 7.5m
• Mounted on two-wheel trolley
Diaphragm
• 13 m3 volume• PVC from
SIOEN• 2 entries
DN80• 2 outlets
DN80• Air valve type
Schnorkel• Active carbon
filter
Bladder
• Flow rate (l/h) 200/850
• Operating pressure (bar ) 10- 210
• Weight (kg) 60
• Mounted on troley
• Several special nozzels
Fluidiser
Findings
• Rubbish blocks the suction and also discharge of the Pumps.
• Every single pit latrine required fishing out rubbish
• On average pits have between 50 – 150 lts rubbish
• Septic tanks rarely require fishing• All machines can be operated without
significant spillage
Findings
• Emptying thick sludge without fluidising is not possible.
• Traditional fluidising is pouring a lot of water in the pit and manual stirring
• With high pressure fluidiser less water needed (add 15% of sludge)
• Unlined pits can be emptied.
Findings• ROM works well with difficult sludge.
(fluidiser included!) Small modification will be needed eg opening
to clean sludge reservoir
• Diaphragm sludge pump works well for septic tanks without rubbish. Is able to pump large volumes in short time frame.
Less able to pump thick sludge or sludge that contains rubbish
• Vacutug similar to the ROM but no fluidiser included, might be able to operate well in high density areas
We experienced many several small breakdowns
Way forward
• Recommendations to suppliers; ROM, Vacutug, Sioen
• Build up experience and standardise fluidiser with recomendations on nozzles
• More field tests in different settings (different sludge)
• Share experiences with the sector
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