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People, Fire & Forests: People, Fire & Forests: Community PerspectivesCommunity Perspectives
Matt CarrollMatt CarrollPatricia CohnPatricia Cohn
Department of NaturalDepartment of NaturalResource SciencesResource Sciences
Washington State UniversityWashington State University
PremisePremise
(With apologies to Tip O(With apologies to Tip O’’Neill):Neill):
All fire is local!!!All fire is local!!!
IntroductionIntroduction
Fire is a biophysical/ecological Fire is a biophysical/ecological disturbance disturbance Fire is also a Fire is also a socialsocial disturbancedisturbanceFire is a cause and effect of bothFire is a cause and effect of both–– Ecological dynamicsEcological dynamics–– Social dynamicsSocial dynamics
HumanHuman--Forest Fire InteractionForest Fire Interaction
Biophysical environmentBiophysical environmentSocioSocio--demographic demographic characteristics/dynamicscharacteristics/dynamicsSocioSocio--cultural cultural characteristics/dynamics characteristics/dynamics
HumanHuman--Forest Fire InteractionForest Fire Interaction
Temporal Temporal framework of framework of communitycommunity--fire fire dynamics: dynamics: –– BeforeBefore–– During During –– AfterAfter
Communities Affected by FireCommunities Affected by Fire
Before the fire event: preparedness Before the fire event: preparedness and risk reduction and risk reduction During the fire event: disruption, During the fire event: disruption, uncertainty and coordinationuncertainty and coordinationAfter the fire event: rehabilitation After the fire event: rehabilitation and recoveryand recovery
ObjectiveObjective
Summarize what is currently known Summarize what is currently known about human community dynamics, about human community dynamics, decisions and dilemmas before, decisions and dilemmas before, during and after major fire eventsduring and after major fire events
Jakes & Nelson: Critical Initiatives Jakes & Nelson: Critical Initiatives prior to a Fireprior to a Fire
Rich literature of Rich literature of case studies case studies showing what showing what individuals & individuals & communities are communities are doing to address doing to address physical and social physical and social preparednesspreparedness
Physical PreparednessPhysical Preparedness
Safety of physical facilities to Safety of physical facilities to minimize loss of life, injury and minimize loss of life, injury and property damageproperty damage–– Vegetation managementVegetation management–– Communications systemsCommunications systems–– Water access systemsWater access systems–– Public education programs Public education programs
Social PreparednessSocial PreparednessOutcome of the Outcome of the social processes and social processes and institutions essential institutions essential for community for community actionaction–– PartnershipsPartnerships–– Laws/ordinancesLaws/ordinances–– Planning institutionsPlanning institutions–– DecisionDecision--making making
networksnetworks
Carroll & Cohn: Consequences of Carroll & Cohn: Consequences of Actions During the FireActions During the Fire
Suppression tactics and strategySuppression tactics and strategyConflict may occur among firefighting Conflict may occur among firefighting entitiesentitiesImprove integration, collaboration, Improve integration, collaboration, training, and coordination of federal training, and coordination of federal and nonand non--federal firefighting agenciesfederal firefighting agencies
Fire Event ProcessesFire Event Processes
Evacuation Evacuation Law enforcement Law enforcement Media coverage Media coverage Communication Communication Purchases and Purchases and hiringhiringFirefightingFirefightingAssistance Assistance organizationsorganizations
Impacts and ConsequencesImpacts and Consequences
What impacts do fire events have on What impacts do fire events have on the day to day lives of residents of the day to day lives of residents of affected communities?affected communities?Impacts occur at different levels of Impacts occur at different levels of social organizationsocial organization–– IndividualIndividual–– FamilyFamily–– NeighborhoodNeighborhood–– Social groupSocial group–– CommunityCommunity
SummarySummary
Communities often find themselves Communities often find themselves illill--prepared for the multiprepared for the multi--dimensional dimensional nature of the problems of large fires nature of the problems of large fires What happens What happens duringduring a fire has the a fire has the potential to affect internal potential to affect internal community dynamics and community dynamics and community/land management community/land management agency relations for years to comeagency relations for years to come
Burchfield: Consequences of Burchfield: Consequences of Actions After the FireActions After the Fire
Agencies will be Agencies will be burdened by burdened by rehabilitation and rehabilitation and recovery needsrecovery needsPostPost--fire fire ‘‘bouncebounce’’ for for innovation, land use innovation, land use planning and planning and institutional changeinstitutional changeCommunityCommunity--level level recovery from recovery from wildfires is difficult to wildfires is difficult to predictpredict
Consequences to Human Consequences to Human CommunitiesCommunities
BiophysicalBiophysicalSocialSocial--demographicdemographicSocialSocial--culturalcultural
Paucity of research on the impacts of Paucity of research on the impacts of fire on human communitiesfire on human communities
ConsequencesConsequences
BiophysicalBiophysical–– Vast literatureVast literature–– Salvage logging is a controversial aspect Salvage logging is a controversial aspect
in relation to human communitiesin relation to human communities–– Soil movement: landslides, mud/debris Soil movement: landslides, mud/debris
flowsflows
ConsequencesConsequences
SocioSocio--demographicdemographic–– Emotional & Emotional &
aesthetic impactaesthetic impact–– Real estate Real estate
downturns shortdownturns short--livedlived
–– EconomicsEconomics--suppression costs suppression costs continue to continue to increaseincrease-- do costs do costs outweigh benefits? outweigh benefits?
ConsequencesConsequences
SocioSocio--culturalcultural–– Emotional, psychological impacts: Emotional, psychological impacts:
mirrors findings from disaster literaturemirrors findings from disaster literature–– Integration and coordination among Integration and coordination among
organizations important in the recovery organizations important in the recovery processprocess
–– Greatest opportunities for institutional Greatest opportunities for institutional change or land use planning are change or land use planning are greatest afterwardsgreatest afterwards
PostPost--fire Recoveryfire Recovery
Parallels other natural disastersParallels other natural disastersVariability of communities makes Variability of communities makes generalization difficultgeneralization difficultNested layers of complexity affect Nested layers of complexity affect community responses to firecommunity responses to fire
SummarySummary
Chapters present a reasonably Chapters present a reasonably comprehensive overview about comprehensive overview about research on human communities and research on human communities and fire.fire.Communities are the focus when Communities are the focus when talking about the human and social talking about the human and social impacts of wildfire.impacts of wildfire.
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