PARTICLEBOARD EXPERIMENT

DIPLOMA IN WOOD INDUSTRY

NORHALIMAHTUS SAADIAH BINTI RAZALI (2009445966)NOOR AIN BINTI MOHD HAZAN (20094842772)

IZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH (2009482646)

FINAL YEAR REPORTWTE 375

PARTICLEBOARD FROM OIL PALM FROND

INTRODUCTION

PARTICLEBOARD panel product made by compressing small particle of wood while simultaneously

bonding them with an adhesive. first made in Germany in1940. nine types of board that are:

1. chips 2. flake3. wafer4. sawdust5. excelsior6. sliver7. strand8. shaving 9. fiber

Particleboard can be choose to undergo either flat press or extruded press but the most popular is flat press.

S

PECIES : OIL PALM FRONDSOURCE : UITM AGRICULTURE FARMREASON : TO REDUCE WASTE OF OIL PALM

PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD

CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTICLEBOARD• cheaper• denser • More uniform that conventional wood and plywood • is substituted for them when appearance• strength are less important than cost•The strength of the board will depend on;

- density- thickness- layered- graded structure- adhesive

MATERIAL

• Particle come out with different sizes by using screening machine • wood species is oil palm• particle sizes as a parameter:

- 1.0 mm- 2.0 mm

• resin that use in producing the particleboard is phenol formaldehyde.• using different concentration as a parameter:

- 7%- 9%-11%

MACHINE

•CHIPPER to chip large pieces of wood

• FLAKER for cutting into desired sizes flakes from chips as well as sliced bamboo and crushed veneer

•SCREENINGscreening the flake into differences size

•OVENfor reducing the moisture content of flake

•BALANCE balancing weight of PF and also balancing weight of particle

•PARTICLEBOARD MIXERfor mixing the particle with resin

•COLD PRESSfor reducing the thickness of particle board and consolidate the resin

•HOT PRESSfor heating and curing the resin

•ARM SAWfor trimming the edge of particle board

•TABLE SAWTo cut the particleboard for testing

•INSTRON (TESTING MACHINE)For test the bending and internal bonding

PARICLEBOARD CALCULATION

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for 7% phenol formaldehyde

1. Calculate total materials required per board

Target density = 600kg/m³Thickness = 12mmLength x width = 35mm x 35mm

Material required per board= Length x Width x Thickness x Density= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)=801.8g (at oven died weight)

2. Calculated resin requiredResin content = 7%Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as

supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required = [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%

= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%= 146.58g

3. Calculated equivalence resin content

Equivalent resin content= Liquid resin x solid content= 139.6 x 0.402= 56.12g

4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes

Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.= 801.8g – 56.12g= 745.68g

5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood requiredM.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%= 745.68 x 1.03 + 5%= 806.45g

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for 9% phenol formaldehyde

Material required per board= Length x Width x Thickness x Density= 35cm x 35cm x 1.02cm³ x 0.6g/cm³

= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)=801.8g (at oven died weight)

2. Calculated resin requiredResin content = 9%Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%

= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%= 188.48g

3. Calculated equivalence resin contentEquivalent resin content= Liquid resin x solid content

= 179.51 x 0.402= 72.16g

4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes

Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.= 801.8g – 72.16g= 729.64g

5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood requiredM.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%

= 729.64 x 1.03 + 5%= 789.11g

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for 11% phenol formaldehyde

1. Calculate total materials required per boardTarget density = 600kg/m³Thickness = 12mmLength x width = 35mm x 35mm

Material required per board= Length x Width x Thickness x Density= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content) =801.8g (at oven died weight)

2. Calculated resin requiredResin content = 11%Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as

supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%= (0.11/ 0.402 x 801.8) + 5%= 230.37g

3. Calculated equivalence resin contentEquivalent resin content = Liquid resin x solid content

= 219.40 x 0.402= 88.20g

4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakesWood flakes (O/D wt.) = Material wt. – resin wt.

= 801.8g – 88.20g= 713.6g

5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood requiredM.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%= 713.6 x 1.03 + 5%= 771.76g

PARTICLEBOARD MANUFACTURING

Oil palm tree Frond cleaning process Oil palm frond

Chipping processWood chipFlaking process

Wood flakes screening process Particle base on sizes

Oven dryweighing processWeight the resin

Mixing process Matt forming process Cold press

Hot pressparticleboardTrimming process

Marking for testing Cutting for testing Measure the width

Weight the particleboardMeasure the lengthThickness swelling

testing

Bending testing Internal Bonding testing

Thickness Swelling testing

Testing

TESTING

MALAYSIAN STANDARD TESTINGBENDING : MS1787 :PART 10 :2005IB : MS1787 :PART 11 :2005TS : MS1787 :PART 6 :2005

MOE MOR IB TS

>2000 >14 >0.45 <12

MOE/MOR 1

MOE / MOR 2

IB1 TS1 IB2 TS2 IB3 TS3 IB4

MOE / MOR 3

TS4 IB5 TS5 IB6 TS6 IB7 TS7

MOE / MOR 4

PARTICLEBOARD CUTTING SECTION FOR TESTING

•MOEmeasure the resistance to bending related to stiffness of a beam

•MORThe index of the ultimate breaking strength when loaded as a simple beam

•IBfor measure the mechanical properties of the particle board.

•TSmeasurement of the physical properties of particleboard

BENDING TESTING This testing is for measure the mechanical properties of the particle board. Usually, this testing is for measure the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

From this testing we can know the mode of failure from testing as well as for structural application requiring strength and rigidity

For this particleboard, the testing for the sample is important to determine the characteristics for overall samples.

INTERNAL BONDING

An overall measure of the board’s integrity that defines how well the core material is bonded together.

In the standard test for IB, dimension of 50mm x 50mm piece of particleboard is pulled apart with tension applied perpendicularly to both faces.

IB is influence directly by board density, resin content, particle geometry and raw material type.

THICKNESS SWELLING

These types of testing usually for measurement of the physical properties of particleboard.

The Thickness Swelling and Water Absorption test we soaked the sample to the water.

Before we soaked the sample to the water we must take the weight for Water Absorption testing and the length and diameter for Thickness Swelling testing.

RESULT

GRAPH OF 1.0 MM SIZE PARTICLE

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

10.0212.21

17.44

14

MORMean Standard

GRAPH MOR 1.0 mm

GRAPH MOE 1.0 mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

1460.981721.91

2306.43

2000

MOEMean Standard

GRAPH IB 1.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

1.121.28

1.97

0.45

IBMean Standard

GRAPH TS 1.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

24.5322.12

16.03

12

Percentage of Thickness SwellingPercent (%) Standard

GRAPH WA 1.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

133.44118.92

102.51

Percentage of Water AbsorbtionPercent (%)

GRAPH OF 2.0MM SIZE PARTICLE

GRAPH MOR 2.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

10.91412.6

18.378

14

MORMean Standard

GRAPH MOE 2.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

1666.99 1771.35

2507.962000

MOEMean Standard

GRAPH IB 2.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

0.690.70

1.35

0.45

IBMean Standard

GRAPH WA 2.0mm

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

119.76

116.95

112.87

Percentage of Water AbsorbtionPercent (%)

DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN 2.0 MM AND 1.0MM

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

10.02

12.21

17.44

10.914

12.6

18.378

14

Differentiation MOR between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

1460.981721.91

2306.43

1666.99

1771.35

2507.96

2000

Differentiation MOE between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

1.121.28

1.97

0.69 0.70

1.35

0.45

Differentiation IB between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

24.53 22.12

16.03

31.73

23.46

19.18

12

Differantiation Percentage Thickness Swelling between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

133.44

118.92

102.51

119.76

116.95

112.87

Differentiation Percentage Water Absorption Par-ticle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.0mm 2.0mm

RESULT SUMMARY

SAMPLES MOE MOR IB TS WA

A1.0mm7%pf

1460.98 10.02 1.12 24.53 133.44

B 1.0mm9%pf

1721.91 12.21 1.28 22.12 118.92

C1.0mm

11%2306.43 17.44 1.97 16.03 102.51

D2.0mm7%pf

1666.99 10.01 0.69 31.73 119.76

E2.0mm9%pf

1771.35 12.60 0.70 23.46 116.95

F2.0mm11%pf

2507.96 18.38 1.35 19.18 11.87

STANDARD >2000 >14 >0.45 <12 -

DISCUSSION

BENDING TEST• MOR• According to the test results, the MOR was highest in F (18.38 N/mm²) and the lowest in A

(10.02 N/mm²). Board C and F meet standard which is 14 N/mm² base on MS1787.• MOE• According to the test results, the MOE was highest in F (2507.96 N/mm²) and the lowest in

A (1460.98 N/mm²). Board C and F meet standard which is 2000 N/mm² base MS1787. INTERNAL BONDING TEST• According to the test results, the IB was lowest in D (0.69 %) and the highest in A (1.97%).

All the sample are meet standard which is 0.45 N/mm² base on MS1787. THICKNESS SWELLING TEST• According to the test results, the TS was highest in D31.73%) and the lowest in C (16.03%).

All of the samples are not reaching the standard which is 12% base on MS1787. WATER ABSORBTION TEST• According to the test results, the WA was lowest in C (102.51%) was highest in A (133.44%) .

MYSTAT ANALYSIS

Sources p-valueSize 0.139

Resin 0.000

MOE

MORSources p-value

Size 0.483Resin 0.000

IBSources p-value

Size 0.000Resin 0.000

TSSources p-value

Size 0.000Resin 0.000

CONCLUSION

• The bigger size of particle the better of MOE and MOR.

• The smaller size of particle the better IB and Thickness Swelling.