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Oceans and Fish Farms
7% of the global food supply comes from marine
organisms.
55% (3.8%) of our annual catch comes from the
oceans.
45% (3.2%) of our annual catch comes from
aquaculture.
Demersal
(mostly bottom dwelling)
Hake
Haddock
Cod
Pelagic
(surface dwelling)
Crustaceans Mollusks
Sardine Anchovy
Herring
Mackerel
Tuna
Krill
Shrimp
Lobster
Crab
Oyster Clam
Octopus
Squid
Fish Shellfish
Major Commercial Marine Speices
Dire Prediction for the Futurehttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6469061
100
80
60
40
20
0
1950 1960 1970 1980 19902000
Year
Total World Fish Catch
Catc
h(m
illio
ns o
f m
etr
ic t
on
s)
Trend Toward Overfishing
Spotter airplane
Fish farmingin cage
Trawlerfishing
Purse-seinefishing
sonartrawl flap
trawl
lines
trawl bag
Long line fishing
lines with
hooks
Drift-net fishing
Fish caughtby gills
float buoy
fish school
Fishing Strategies
Scientists Use Satellites to Track Fishhttp://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/08/05/MN82865.DTL
Microwave Telemetryhttp://microwavetelemetry.com/Fish_PTTs/index.php
Monitoring Variables
Storage Capacity of Device
Signal Transmission Strength
Size of Device
Type of Monitor
Bycatch
Refers to fish and
other marine life
caught "incidentally"
in the pursuit of
another species.
Results from use of
fishing gear and
practices that are not
selective.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (1976)
http://www.mms.gov/eppd/compliance/fcma/index.htm
Law Variables
specify a time frame in which to end overfishing
and rebuild overfished stocks that is as short as
possible
the biology of the stock
the needs of fishing communities
recommendations by international organizations
the interaction of the overfished stock within the
marine ecosystem.
Marine Stewardship Councilhttp://www.msc.org/html/content_458.htm
Artificial Reefs Help Dolphinshttp://archives.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/05/16/hong.kong.dolphins.enn/
Artificial Reefs - Cons
Represent an inexpensive way to throw out trash
Cause damage to natural habitats during their
construction
Can displace naturally occurring species and
habitats
Tend to concentrate fish unnaturally, making them
more vulnerable to overfishing
Norway’s Fish Farms in Dangerhttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17638050
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