OpenID and OAuth

http://andrea-chiodoni.myopenid.com/

Lugano, 16 March 2011

An introduction to OpenID and OAuth

martedì, 15 marzo 2011

•Why OpenID and OAuth.

•What is OpenID for users, engineers and developers.

•What is OAuth for users, engineers and developers.

• Conclusions.

Agenda

• Everyone is using more and more SaaS and social WEB.

• There is a vast amount of data (and functionalities) available.

•WEB based APIs are there to be used.

• It’s a great time to be a developer: you can take advantage of data and functionalities available “in the cloud”.

Why OpenID and OAuth

... great but:

•too many identities!

•how to deal with authorization?

<OpenID terminology="OpenID"><![CDATA[

• Sign-in to multiple websites with one OpenID identity, from http://openid.net:

• Identities are URI: http://andrea-chiodoni.myopenid.com/

• So, how can I get an OpenID?

• google.com, yahoo.com, flicker.com, ....

•myopenid.com, claimid.com, clavid.com, ...

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OpenID_providers

• Just use it!

OpenID for users

•OpenID is an identity technology (mainly a protocol).

• I’ll cover (mainly) OpenID 2.0 (December 2007).

• Authentication as a Service (AaaS) enabling Single Sign-on.

• Free and open:

• A foundation (http://openid.net/foundation/) promotes, protects and nurtures OpenID community and technologies.

• Swiss OpenID community http://www.openid.ch/en/

OpenID for engineers

“Nobody should own this. Nobody’s planning on making any money from this. The goal is to release every part of this under the most liberal licenses possible, so there’s no money or licensing or registering required to play. It benefits the community as a whole if something like this exists, and we’re all a part of the community.”

Brad Fitzpatrick (Founder of LiveJournal weblog community and father of OpenID)

•Decentralised. No central authority must approve or register Relying Parties or OpenID Providers. An end user can freely choose which OpenID Provider to use, and can preserve their Identifier if they switch OpenID Providers.

• Attribute exchange: support for shorter registrations.

•No need of JavaScript (see SAML SSO Browser/POST profile).

• User-Supplied, Claimed and OP-Local Identifiers.

•OpenID discovery protocol: XRI, XRDS and Yadis.

User-agent

Relying PartyOpenID Provider

(1) Initiation: HTTP POSTopenid_identifier

(2) Normalization, Discovery of OP endpoint

(3) Association

(4) Authentication request: HTTP 302

(7) Verification

(6) Authentication response: HTTP 302 + Assertion

[positive, negative]

(5) Authentication

OpenID Authentication protocol 2.0 (http://openid.net/developers/specs/)

OpenID for real engineers(4) Authentication request: HTTP 302 (URL decoded)http://www.myopenid.com/server?openid.ns=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0&openid.claimed_id=http://andrea.chiodoni.myopenid.com/&openid.identity=http://andrea.chiodoni.myopenid.com/&openid.return_to=http://localhost:7070/postcards/j_spring_openid_security_check&openid.realm=http://localhost:8080/&openid.assoc_handle={HMAC-SHA256}{4d63572b}{A2ZnQQ==}&openid.mode=checkid_setup&openid.ns.ext1=http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0&openid.ext1.mode=fetch_request&openid.ext1.type.email=http://axschema.org/contact/email&openid.ext1.type.firstName=http://axschema.org/namePerson/first&openid.ext1.type.lastName=http://axschema.org/namePerson/last&openid.ext1.type.email2=http://schema.openid.net/namePerson&openid.ext1.type.fullName=http://schema.openid.net/contact/email&openid.ext1.required=email,firstName,lastName,email2,fullName

OpenID for real engineers(6) Authentication response: HTTP 302 + Assertion (URL decoded)http://localhost:7070/postcards/j_spring_openid_security_check?openid.assoc_handle={HMAC-SHA256}{4d63572b}{A2ZnQQ==}&openid.ax.count.email=0&openid.ax.count.email2=1&openid.ax.count.firstName=0&openid.ax.count.fullName=1&openid.ax.count.lastName=0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.email=http://axschema.org/contact/email&openid.ax.type.email2=http://schema.openid.net/namePerson&openid.ax.type.firstName=http://axschema.org/namePerson/first&openid.ax.type.fullName=http://schema.openid.net/contact/email&openid.ax.type.lastName=http://axschema.org/namePerson/last&openid.ax.value.email2.1=Andrea Chiodonia.Myopenid.Com&openid.ax.value.fullName.1=andrea.chiodoni@gmail.com&openid.claimed_id=http://chiodonia.myopenid.com/&openid.identity=http://chiodonia.myopenid.com/&openid.mode=id_res&openid.ns=http://specs.openid.net/auth/2.0&openid.ns.ax=http://openid.net/srv/ax/1.0&openid.op_endpoint=http://www.myopenid.com/server&openid.response_nonce=2011-02-22T06:40:45ZVdy1vV&openid.return_to=http://localhost:7070/postcards/j_spring_openid_security_check&openid.sig=BpObOdfLDYjdjirp63yQeUU/kmCnvoui/Sxp1cx6AjI=&openid.signed=assoc_handle,ax.count.email,ax.count.email2,ax.count.firstName,ax.count.fullName,ax.count.lastName,ax.mode,ax.type.email,ax.type.email2,ax.type.firstName,ax.type.fullName,ax.type.lastName,ax.value.email2.1,ax.value.fullName.1,claimed_id,identity,mode,ns,ns.ax,op_endpoint,response_nonce,return_to,signed

See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_noncemartedì, 15 marzo 2011

OpenID RP for developers

http://code.google.com/p/openid4java/

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-openid</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version></dependency>

You may need a mapping between your existing user identity and their OpenID!

Easy for spring developers using spring security:

For the rest of the Java community:

]]></OpenID><OAuth terminology="OAuth"><![CDATA[

OAuth for users

Browser<<User-agent>>

/postcards<<Client>>

/contacts<<Authorization Server>>

<<Resource Server>>

User<<Resource Owner>>

/contacts/mycontacts<<REST/JSON API>>

Use-case: a user wants to send postcards using the PostCards SaaS. Addresses are taken from a second service on the cloud call Contacts (see REST API).

• Issues:• Clients are required to store Resource owner creds for Resource Servers.

• Clients need to support Resource servers authentication protocols.

• Clients gain full access to Resource owner protected resources.

• Resource owner can't revoke access.

•OAuth is a security protocol that enables users to grant third-party access to their web resources without sharing their passwords, from http://oauth.net:

• Passwords are not nuts: don’t give them away!

OAuth for users

•OAuth is a security authorization protocol.

•OAuth 1.0 (IETF RFC5849), around since 2006.

•OAuth 2.0 (IETF draft, V2-13) will obsoletes RFC5849.

•OAuth 2.0 is incompatible with OAuth 1.0.

•OAuth 1.0 must used by OAuth 2.0 adoption is ramping-up (Facebook, Google since 14.3.2011).

•OAuth 2.0 focus on client simplicity (less cryptographic).

• I’ll cover (mainly) OAuth 2.0, 3-Legged OAuth flow.

OAuth for engineers

•While OAuth can be used with other transport protocols, it is only defined (bindings) for HTTP(s) resources.

•OAuth can be used on other use-cases, see grant types:

• Authorization code: the one we are going treat.

• Implicit grant: suited for applications residing in a user-agent.

• Resource Owner password credentials: resource owner has a trust relationship with the client.

• Client credentials: when the client is requesting access to the protected resources under its control.

• Additional grant types (extensions) like the OAuth-SAML bridge

OAuth for engineers

/contacts

OAuth for engineers

OAuth protocol 2.0: Authorization Code Flow(http://oauth.net/2/)

Browser<<User-agent>>

/postcards<<Client>> <<Resource Server>>

User<<Resource Owner>>

<<Authorization Server>>

<<Redirection URI>>

<<Token Endpoint>>

(2.2) Authentication

(1) Authentication(3

(2.3) Grant access

(2.5) Obtaining Authorization

OAuth for real engineers

OAuth protocol 2.0 (http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5849)

(2) Obtaining Authorization: Authorization Code (URL decoded)

(2.1) Authorization Request: client redirects to authorization endpoint

(2.2) Authorization Response: authorization server issues an authorization code and redirects back to the redirection URI

HTTP/1.1 302 FoundLocation: http://localhost:8080/contacts/oauth/user/authorize?client_id=postcards&redirect_uri=http://localhost:7070/postcards/contacts&response_type=code

HTTP/1.1 302 FoundLocation: http://localhost:7070/postcards/contacts?code=lrbwoF

(2.5) Access Token Request: client POST to token endpoint

(2.6) Access Token Response (Issuing an Access Token): HTTP response to (5.1)

POST /contacts/oauth/authorize HTTP/1.1Accept: application/json, application/x-www-form-urlencodedContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=http://localhost:7070/postcards/contacts&code=lrbwoF&client_id=postcards

HTTP/1.1 200 OKContent-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8Cache-Control: no-store{ "access_token": "4f919d60-5751-4860-8f3a-253c5700b9c1", "expires_in": 43199, "refresh_token": "611ef1d8-d7ed-4a02-9fcb-4dd36468d00c", "token_type": "undefined"}

(3) Accessing Protected Resources

... and without a valid OAuth token!

GET /contacts/mycontacts HTTP/1.1Authorization: OAuth 4f919d60-5751-4860-8f3a-253c5700b9c1Accept: application/json

curl -i -H Accept:application/json http://localhost:8080/contacts/mycontactsHTTP/1.1 302 FoundWWW-Authenticate: OAuth2

... even with curl...curl -i -H Accept:application/json -H "Authorization: OAuth 4f919d60-5751-4860-8f3a-253c5700b9c1" http://localhost:8080/contacts/mycontacts

OAuth for developers

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security.oauth</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-oauth</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.oauth.version}</version></dependency>

http://code.google.com/p/oauth/

Easy for spring developers using spring security and OAuth extension:

For the rest of the Java community:

On the both client and resource server :

OAuth for developers

Modify your spring security context:

<oauth:client /><oauth:resource id="contacts" type="authorization_code" clientId="postcards" accessTokenUri="http://localhost:8080/contacts/oauth/authorize" userAuthorizationUri="http://localhost:8080/contacts/oauth/user/authorize" />

Use the OAuth REST template:

org.springframework.security.oauth2.consumer.OAuth2RestTemplate

On the client:

OAuth for developers... and the resource server :

Modify your spring security context: <beans:bean id="tokenServices" class="org.springframework.security.oauth2.provider.token.InMemoryOAuth2ProviderTokenServices"> <beans:property name="supportRefreshToken" value="true" /></beans:bean>

<oauth:provider client-details-service-ref="clientDetails" token-services-ref="tokenServices"> <oauth:verification-code user-approval-page="/oauth/confirm_access" /></oauth:provider>

<oauth:client-details-service id="clientDetails"> <oauth:client clientId="postcards" authorizedGrantTypes="authorization_code" /></oauth:client-details-service>

Provide an approval page, see accessConfirmation.jsp

]]></OAuth>

• “Free” identities, make data portable!

• Today OpenID is the most successful way to AaaS, maybe not free of issues (http://www.infoq.com/news/2011/01/OpenID). OpenID 3.0 should fix most of those issues.

• Initiatives around DataPortability (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataPortability):

•OData, http://www.odata.org/ (Microsoft)

• GData, http://code.google.com/intl/it-IT/apis/gdata/ (Google)

• You may be interested in http://www.springsource.org/spring-social/

Conclusions

Thanks!http://andrea-chiodoni.myopenid.com/

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