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this presentaion is on Municiple solid waste to energy conversion related technology which is used in world wide
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TechnologyUsed for MSW to Energy conversion
Mass burn (incineration) Pyrolysis Conventional Gasification Plasma Arc Gasification. Plasma process Using coal RDF Technology.
Type of thermal process Technology
Mass burn system
The mass burn system generally burns unprocessed or minimally processed commingle solid waste & recovers energy.
Operating mass burn facility capacity generally ranges from about 200 to 3000 tons per day.
Operating temperatures between 850°C to 1250°C.
Operations:>waste storage & feed preparation >combustion in afurnace,producing
hot gases & bottom ash residue for disposal.
>Gas temperature reduction, frequently involving heat recovery via steam generation.
>Treatment of the cooled gas to remove air pollutants, and disposal of residuals from this treatment process
>dispersion of treated gas to the atmosphere through an induced-draft fan &stack.
Waste Storage
Feed Preparati
on
ScrubberWater or
Ashhandling
Air pollutioncontrol
Gas Temperature
Reduction
Heat Recovery
Combustion
Ash Handling
Fan
Emissionsstack
Mass burn System
The thermal decomposition of organic fraction of solid waste at elevated temperatures.
The range is about 400-900 °C.
Operation:>The preprocessed MSW material
is fed into pyrolysis reactor.>Produced Raw synthesis(CO &H2
mixture) overhead & bottom ash.
>Syngas clean up is deigned to remove carry over particulate matter from the reactor.
>Syngas is used in the power generation plant to produced
energy.(steam and electricity)> Ash ,Carbon char& metals have
used as recycables in industry.
Pyrolysis:
Pyrolysis process
FeedstockMSW
preprocessing
Ash carbon&metals
Pyrolysis
reactor
Recyclables
Power generation*Electrical energy
*steam
Syngas
Syngascleanup
Airemission
By productsSuch as Sulfar & acid gases
Electricity To Grid
A thermal process, which converts carbonaceous materials such as MSW into Syngas using a limited quantity of air or oxygen.
Temperature is 1450 to 3000°F Some basic chemical reaction in
gasification process are: C+O2=CO2 C+H2O=CO+H2 C+2H2=CH4 C+CO2=2CO CO+H2O=CO2+H2 C (n)+n H2O=n CO+(n+1/2m)H2
Conventional Gasification
preprocessing Pyrolysis
reactor
Recyclables
Power generation*Electrical energy
*steam
By productsSuch as Sulfar & acid gases
Electricity To Grid
FeedstockMSW
Syngas
Ash carbon&
metals
Syngascleanup
AiremissionConventional Gasification
Air/O2
Plasma process Using coal
Typical coal Fired power plant
Plasma MSW Processing System Schematic
Concept• Collocate MSW plasma processing plants (in modules of 1,000 TPD) withexisting operational coal-fired power plants.• The amount of coal supplied to a plant will be reduced, proportionate to the thermal output of the MSW plant.• The hot gaseous emissions from the plasma plant afterburner system will be fed directly into the coal plant combustion chamber to supplement the combusted coal gases.• The combined plasma and coal gaseous emissions would produce steam and power equal to the normal coal plant generating capacity.• MSW would replace large volumes of coal for power generation in a veryefficient, cost-effective and environmentally cleaner operation
PLASMA PROCESSINOF MSW AT COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
• Plant capital costs reduced by over 50%.– Utilize power plant boiler, generation and emission control systems• More than 50% more electrical energy from MSW gases.– Large coal-fired generation systems are more efficient (~35%) than smaller.generation systems for MSW alone (~20%)• Significantly lower operating costs– Use of power plant systems reduces number of MSW-associated systems• Salable solid residue– Gravel, sand, aggregate for concrete, asphalt and concrete pavers• Cost-competitive with landfill tipping fees throughout most of U.S.• Need for landfills is eliminated
MSW Processing Advantages
RDF Technology
*Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) or solid recovered fuel is a fuel produced by shredding and dehydrating solid waste(MSW) with a Waste converter technology. RDF consists largely of combustible components of municipal waste such as plastics and biodegradable waste.
WHAT IS RDF ?
REFUSE DERIVED FUEL - PELLETS
RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) Characteristics
> Calorific Value: 2500 – 3000 Kcal/Kg
High Volatile Matter ( 60% )
>Emission characteristics of RDF are superior compared to coal with less NOX, SOX, CO & CO2.
> Bio fertilizer and the Fly ash are the useful by products.
MSWsource
Receiving storage handling
Primary Process size Reduction
Secondary Process:
Densification
RDF storage Melting & feed
Combustion
System
Air pollution control system
Landfill
Recovered Material
Materials Recovery potential steam
Source
Separation RDF -1
Dry process
Direct Reject Process Ash Particu-
Disposal Waste Residue late/
Residue
RDF technology:
Advantages of RDF It has higher calorific value than mixed solid
waste. It has low ash content Its uniform size and more homogenous
nature as waste is shredded. The smaller size of combustion system.
Thank you to all
Apu BanikAhasanullah University of Science &Technology.Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering
PREPARED BY
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