Matter And Atoms

Matter Matter and and

AtomsAtoms

Matter is…Matter is…

Anything that takes up space.Anything that takes up space. Made up of atoms.Made up of atoms. Commonly said to exist in five states or phases: solid, Commonly said to exist in five states or phases: solid,

liquid, gas, plasma, or Bose-Einstein condensate, also liquid, gas, plasma, or Bose-Einstein condensate, also called BEC (when bosons are confined in an external called BEC (when bosons are confined in an external potential and cooled to temperatures very near to potential and cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. 0K, -273°C or -459.67°F)absolute zero. 0K, -273°C or -459.67°F)

SolidSolid

LiquidLiquid

GasGas

PlasmaPlasma

BECBEC

MatterMatter

In relativity, matter can be In relativity, matter can be converted to energy via converted to energy via the equation E=mc².the equation E=mc².

In cosmology, other forms In cosmology, other forms of matter and energy, of matter and energy, such as dark matter and such as dark matter and dark energy are invoked dark energy are invoked to explain the behavior of to explain the behavior of the observable universe.the observable universe.

ATOMSATOMS

Are the basis of Are the basis of chemistry and chemistry and everything in the everything in the universe.universe.

Matter is composed of Matter is composed of atoms.atoms.

Atoms are composed Atoms are composed of electrons, neutrons, of electrons, neutrons, and protons.and protons.

ProtonsProtons

A positively charged A positively charged particle equal to the particle equal to the negative charge of an negative charge of an electron.electron.

Typically found in the Typically found in the nucleus of an atom, nucleus of an atom, consisting of three consisting of three quarks (two up-quarks (two up-quarks and one quarks and one down-quark).down-quark).

ElectronsElectrons

Electrons are the Electrons are the negatively charged negatively charged particles of atoms.particles of atoms.

Together, all of the Together, all of the electrons of an atom electrons of an atom create a create a negative chargenegative charge that balances the positive that balances the positive charge of the protons in charge of the protons in the atomic nucleus. the atomic nucleus.

Electrons are extremely Electrons are extremely small compared to all of small compared to all of the other parts of the the other parts of the atom. atom.

The mass of an electron The mass of an electron is almost 1,000 times is almost 1,000 times smaller than the mass of smaller than the mass of a proton. a proton.

NeutronsNeutrons The neutron is a particle found The neutron is a particle found

in almost every atomic in almost every atomic nucleus. Only the hydrogen nucleus. Only the hydrogen nucleus has no neutron. nucleus has no neutron.

It has no electric charge and It has no electric charge and its mass is nearly 1,840 times its mass is nearly 1,840 times that of the electron. that of the electron.

Neutrons and protons make up Neutrons and protons make up almost all of an atom's mass. almost all of an atom's mass.

Like the proton and other Like the proton and other baryons, the neutron consists baryons, the neutron consists of three quarks. of three quarks.

A free neutron (one not A free neutron (one not contained in an atomic contained in an atomic nucleus) is radioactive. It nucleus) is radioactive. It undergoes beta decay to form undergoes beta decay to form a proton, an electron, and an a proton, an electron, and an electron-antineutrino. This electron-antineutrino. This what happened to most of the what happened to most of the neutrons created by the big neutrons created by the big bang. bang.

Question 1

Name the five states of matter.

Answer:Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, and BEC

Question 2

What is matter composed of?a) Waterb) Moleculesc) Chemicalsd) Atoms

Answer: d

Question 3What are atoms composed of?

a) Protonsb) Neutronsc) Electronsd) All of the Above

Answer:d

Question 4Do electrons have a negative or

positive charge?

Answer:Negative