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Dan Nevius / University of Cambridge / Lunar 3D Printing: Launch Less by Launching More
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LUNAR 3D PRINTINGLaunch Less by Launching More
Dan Nevius - danielnevius@gmail.com
Wednesday, February 27, 13
lunar 3d printingmotivation
the space game
why we don’t live on the moon (yet)
what is 3d printing
adapting for the moon
lunar 3d printing current state
work still to do
the future to work toward
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
science
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
understand our placein the universe
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
technology spinoffs
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
jobs
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
because we can
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
to inspire
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
limited resources
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
population growth
Wednesday, February 27, 13
space explorationwhy we should go why we shouldn’t not go
killer asteroids
Wednesday, February 27, 13
why is this conference not taking place on the moon?
then now
~40 yrs
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS
jobs fear
(fear)
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS ECONOMICS
jobs fear
(fear)
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS ECONOMICS
jobs fear
(fear)
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
POLITICS ECONOMICS
jobs fear
(fear)
Wednesday, February 27, 13
the space game
technology
economics
politics
nationalcommercial
same concerns, different rules
POLITICS ECONOMICS
jobs fear
(fear)sustainability
Wednesday, February 27, 13
so why no moon colony?
government
technology:
economics:
politics:
limited budgets
little visionlittle motivationstatus quo easy
Wednesday, February 27, 13
so why no moon colony?
government commercial
technology:
economics:
politics:
limited budgets unproven marketshigh costs
little visionlittle motivationstatus quo easy
adapting regulationsproving technology
Wednesday, February 27, 13
problems to focus on
costsafetyperception/
markettechnology
return on investment
1st 2nd 3rd 4th
design goals: safe, cheap + functional
delay astronaut involvement
loss of life = worst
launch = large cost
minimize launch mass and size
make sure it works
cool not crazy
Wednesday, February 27, 13
traditional space construction
futron corp
SpaceX
NASA
NASA
Wednesday, February 27, 13
ideal lunar structure construction
safety
lower cost
functional
automated
use local materialsreduce equipment mass + size
gets the job donebonus: has terrestrial
applications
Wednesday, February 27, 13
3d printing
Yan & Gu 1996
materials- thermoplastics- metals- ceramics- food (pastes)- biological material
digital representation
slice into layers
build instructions
layer deposition
Wednesday, February 27, 13
3d printing techniquesa) selective laser
sintering (sls)
b) inkjet printing with a binder
c) laminated object manufacturing
d) fused deposition modeling (fdm)
Wednesday, February 27, 13
build examplestools fashion art architectural models
instruments medical devices 3d printers
Wednesday, February 27, 13
large scale 3d printing
Wednesday, February 27, 13
Ceccanti et al. 2010
Khoshnevis 2004
Lim 2012
large scale 3d printing
Lim 2012
Wednesday, February 27, 13
3d printing for space
• solves problems:
• automated = safety, limited boots on the ground
• cost = low mass, uses local materials, one launch creates many structures
• complexity = free
Wednesday, February 27, 13
adapting for spacespace conditions:
vacuumreduced gravity
ionizing radiation
dust
temperature extremespower considerations
micrometeorite impacts
habitat requirementsprinting on a large scale
Wednesday, February 27, 13
adapting for space
Adapted from Williams et al. 2011
Wednesday, February 27, 13
current lunar 3d printing technology state
materials research: lunacrete, lunar glass
lunar 3d printing projects: khoshnevis + NASA dini + foster & partners + ESA
Wednesday, February 27, 13
can we do better?
cheaper, safer?improvement leads to increased overall feasibility and likeliness of
it actually happening
lower the launch mass
heavy gantry system - get rid of itmobile robotics - minimize it
Wednesday, February 27, 13
cambridge research: launch instead of extruding
reduce mass further by using stationary system
Wednesday, February 27, 13
research focusdrop impact- angle and impact speed
depend on drop location- surface conditions- build material properties
Ideal drops:- uniform building blocks- significant height- drop shape independent of angle and impact speed- ability to support additional layers
Wednesday, February 27, 13
test materials
newtonian
Wednesday, February 27, 13
test materials
viscoplasticnewtonian
Wednesday, February 27, 13
test materials
viscoplasticnewtonian
dilatant
Wednesday, February 27, 13
impact behavior resultsnewtonian:
viscoplastic:
dilatant:
no stacking without curing first
bouncing/rebound
diameter independent of velocity and angle
splashing at high velocityspreading
wetting - small drop height
diameter dependent on velocity
stacks unreliably
stacks when dry
has significant drop height
wetting - small drop height
Wednesday, February 27, 13
• getting dilatant/viscoplastic impact properties from lunar material
next steps
• maintaining drop impact behaviors in lunar conditions -- outgassing, evaporation
• material prep process + launch process
Wednesday, February 27, 13
• short term (though not soon)
• bulk material + radiation/impact cover
• reduction of launch mass for lunar missions
• increasing safety
• limited functionality
implications
• long term
• technology more advanced
• starts make more sense to manufacture space hardware in space than on Earth
• used to build tools, parts, infrastructure, circuitry etc.
• manufacturing on the moon for other missions to solar system destinations
• less energy required to launch from the moon than from Earth
• combine with lunar mining, h3 fuel depots
Wednesday, February 27, 13
Summary
designing for the space industry
lunar 3d printing
• overlapping national and commercial playing fields
• share 3 concerns: politics, economics, technology
•overcome by designing safe, cost-effective and multi-functional technology
• 3d printing = increases safety, decreases launch mass and therefore cost
• scaling and adapting earth 3d printers leads to large bulky gantry systems or mobile robotics
• launching material instead of moving printer head extruders = further reduction of mass and energy consumption
• much more work to be done
launch less hardware by using a 3d printer that launches more material
Wednesday, February 27, 13
danielnevius@gmail.com@dnevius
Questions?
Wednesday, February 27, 13
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