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A case for distributed renewable energy generation, outlining the economics and political issues and the policies needed to make energy local.
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@ the Ins)tute for Local Self-‐Reliance
Who We Are
Energy Self-Reliant States
Overview
• Why renewable energy? • Why distributed genera7on?
• What’s in the way?
• What breaks the roadblocks?
Renewable Energy is Widespread
Energy Self-‐Reliant States
Renewable Energy is Widespread
Energy Self-‐Reliant States
Renewable Energy is Widespread
Energy Self-‐Reliant States
Renewable Energy is Cost-‐Effec7ve
What is distributed genera7on?
What is distributed genera7on?
Any Size
< 80 MW
Distribu7on or Subtransmission
Transmission
Myth 1
• Distributed genera7on does not capture economies of scale
Economies of Scale: Solar PV
Economies of Scale are Bullshit| Energy Self-‐Reliant States-‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96
Data from 70,000 California solar PV installa7ons
Economies of Scale: Wind
Economies of Scale are Bullshit| Energy Self-‐Reliant States-‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/68kaf96
Myth 2
• Distributed genera7on can’t scale up quickly
Distributed Genera7on Scales Up
Distributed Genera7on Scales Up
2010: 7,400 MW of Solar PV
Distributed Genera7on Scales Up
Distributed Genera7on Scales Up
Total Capacity: 27,000 MW
Myth 3
• Variable distributed genera7on is expensive to integrate into the electric grid
Solving Solar Variability with More Solar
Solving Solar's Variability with More Solar | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/65b5nyh
Solving Solar Variability
High Penetra)on of PV No Issue for Kauian Grid | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/6a3nnwb
They are seeing very li<le difference in the voltage levels, harmonics, and overall power quality between the different scenarios.
These preliminary results suggest that u)li)es could go to very high levels of PV penetra3on in localized areas without causing problems for the grid.
Opportuni7es
• Cost reduc7ons • Added value • Economic benefits
Opportuni7es for Cost Reduc7ons
German solar market 2006 -‐> 2010 grew from 2.7 GW -‐> 16 GW
Opportuni7es for Cost Reduc7ons
$4.11 per Wa/!
German solar market 2006 -‐> 2010 grew from 2.7 GW -‐> 16 GW
Solar PV < 100 kW
Opportuni7es for Cost Reduc7ons
$3.70 per Wa/!
h<p://www.solarwirtscha].de/preisindex
Solar PV < 100 kW
Opportuni7es for Cost Reduc7ons
Opportuni7es for Cost Reduc7ons
Solar PV Balance of System | Rocky Mountain Ins)tute -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/3dazuo8
The Value of Distributed Solar
Distributed Solar Power Worth Far More Than Electrons | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh
$5 per Wa[
The Value of Distributed Solar
Distributed Solar Power Worth Far More Than Electrons | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh
The Value of Distributed Solar
Distributed Solar Power Worth Far More Than Electrons | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/3tqmerh
Value of DG Solar PV – Palo Alto
CLEAN Coali)on Calcula)on
Jobs from Renewable Energy
Pudng Renewables to Work: How Many Jobs Can the Clean Energy Industry Create? (UC Berkeley)
Absentee = lost opportunity
• Out of two coun;es in Minnesota we export about $80 million dollars a year to France, Florida, Italy, Portugal, Spain.
-‐Dan Juhl, community wind developer
Value of Local Ownership
NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
Value of Local Ownership
NREL: Economic Development Impacts of Community Wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation
Value of Local Ownership
Value of Local Ownership
Economic Impact data taken from Shining Bright: Growing Solar Jobs in Iowa
Distributed Genera7on is Democra7c
Roadblocks
FERC’s High-‐Voltage Gravy Train
FERC’s High-‐Voltage Gravy Train
FERC’s High-‐Voltage Tunnel Vision
FERC's High Voltage Gravy Train | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/647brlu
Policy Ma[ers
Policy Ma[ers
Policy Ma[ers
Monthly cost of German renewable energy program
Policy Ma[ers
Monthly cost of U.S. renewable energy program
Policy Ma[ers
From page 19 of the brilliant report, Tracking the Sun III: The Installed Cost of Photovoltaics in the U.S. from 1998-‐2009 (large pdf).
Germany 2009
Germany 2011
Policy Ma[ers
Ontario's Buy Local Renewable Energy Policy: An Update | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/3o4th8d
RPS Policies with Solar/DG Provisions
Renewable portfolio standard with solar / distributed generation (DG) provision
Renewable portfolio goal with solar / distributed generation provision
www.dsireusa.org / April 2011
Solar water heating counts toward solar provision
WA: double credit for DG
NV: 1.5% solar x 2025; 2.4 - 2.45 multiplier for PV
UT: 2.4 multiplier for solar-electric
AZ: 4.5% DG x 2025
NM: 4% solar-electric x 2020 0.6% DG x 2020
TX: double credit for non-wind (non-wind goal: 500 MW)
CO: 3.0% DG x 2020 1.5% customer-sited x 2020
MO: 0.3% solar- electric x 2021
MI: triple credit for solar- electric
OH: 0.5% solar-electric x 2025
NC: 0.2% solar x 2018
MD: 2% PV x 2022
DC: 0.4% solar x 2020
NY: 0.4788% customer- sited x 2015
DE: 3.5% PV x 2026; triple credit for PV
NH: 0.3% solar- electric x 2014
NJ: 5,316 GWh solar- electric x 2026
PA: 0.5% PV x 2021
MA: 400 MW PV x 2020 OR: 20 MW solar PV x 2020; double credit for PV
IL: 1.5% PV x 2025 WV: various
multipliers
16 states + DC have an RPS with solar/DG
provisions
DC
Policy Ma[ers: State Laws
Policy Ma[ers: State Laws
A Small but Growing Market
Photo credit: CERTs
Policy Ma[ers: Local Rules
Poor Solar Permidng Rules Increase Residen)al Solar Prices by Up To 20 Percent | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k
Policy Ma[ers: Local Rules
Poor Solar Permidng Rules Increase Residen)al Solar Prices by Up To 20 Percent | Energy Self-‐Reliant States -‐ h<p://)nyurl.com/5ts5b2k
It’s Happening Here
• 80 kilowa[s PV • 20 owners • Shares: $3.15 / Wa[ • 13-‐year payback • Carbondale, CO
Thank you!
John Farrell • energyselfreliantstates.org • jfarrell@ilsr.org • h[p://twi[er.com/johnffarrell
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