Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

February 1, 2013

Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

Alastair Boyd & Marlene van Ballegooie

Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

What does this mean?

Why now?

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Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

What does this mean?

Why now?

Is there a future for “bibliographic control”?

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OCLC ‘Perceptions of Libraries, 2010’

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Credo Reference “Libraries Thriving” survey 2012

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Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

To combine the best of libraries and the best of the web...

• metadata must be on the web

• data must be open, useable by others

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Library Linked Data and the Future of Bibliographic Control

To combine the best of libraries and the best of the web...

• metadata must be on the web

• data must be open, useable by others

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Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.

Linked Data

“describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers. This enables data from different sources to be connected and queried.”

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linked_data

Traditional Web

link

link

link

link

link

link

link

linklink

link

Linked Data

works_for

works_for

authored

authored

located_in

hosted_byevent_date

knowspresented_at

likes

Why Linked Data for Libraries? We have a huge store of valuable, trusted data Library catalogue is a self contained data silo

with no connection to the data on the Web MARC not popular outside the library

community Provides a framework for sharing semantically

rich data in a Web-friendly way. Will allow libraries to be part of the Web of

Data.

Linked Data

Tim Berners-Lee

Principles of Linked Data

1. Use URIs as names for things.

http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12558693

http://sws.geonames.org/6167865

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/knows

Principles of Linked Data

2. Use HTTP URIs, so that people can look up those names.

3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using standards (RDF).

Principles of Linked Data

4. Include links to other URIs, so that they can discover more things.

http://www.utoronto.ca/person/Margaret-Atwood

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Margaret_Atwood

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Women_novelists

Links to morethings

http://dbpedia.org/resource/Booker_Prize_winners

Links to morethings

Building Blocks of Linked Data

Resource Description Framework (RDF)

Primary data model for Linked Data It’s not a format; it’s a framework for describing

data. Can be used to represent information about

things. (i.e. book, person, idea, etc.) RDF allows you to link a resource to other

resources on the Web. RDF will enable greater precision in Web

searches.

RDF Triples Describe Relationships Concept of triples is used to describe a relationship between two

things. subject – predicate – object Statement: “Margaret Atwood is the author of ‘The Handmaid’s

Tale’.”

Each triple is a statement about a resource.

(subject)

(predicate)

(object)

Margaret Atwood

The Handmaid’s Tale

IsAuthorOf

RDF Triples

http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990 (subject)

(object)

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator(predicate)

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/12558693The Handmaid’s Tale

Atwood, Margaret, 1939-

creator

RDF triples, create RDF graphs

Statements combine to form graphs A graph is of no fixed size and contains no

predetermined types of statements.

Margaret Atwood

Alias Grace

IsAuthorOfIsAuthorOf

The Handmaid’s Tale

IsPublishedBy

Toronto Bloomsbury

IsPublishedBy

McClelland & StewartLondon

IsPublishedInIsPublishedIn

How Does This Relate to MARC?

Relationships Are Defined in RDF

http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185

http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:name “Alias Grace” .http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 rdf:type schema:Book .http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990> .http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 schema:about <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89007039> .http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185 owl:sameAs <http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/612720361> .

Schema:Book

type

author

name

http://viaf.org/viaf/109322990

Atwood, Margaret, 1939-

about

Women murderers

name

http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh89007039

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/612720361

sameAs

name

Alias Grace

RDF graphs create a 'web of data'

http://utoronto.ca/cat/7866185

Publisher Web Site

DBpedia

VIAF

LCSH

Geonames

WorldCat

Linked Open Data Cloud

Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. http://lod-cloud.net/

Library Linked Data Examples

Library of Congress

Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

LIBRIS – Swedish National Library

BL - British National Bibliography

OCLC WorldCat

BIBFRAME Initiative Draft released November 21, 2012 Requirements

•Content model agnostic•Description and management of all types of library holdings, traditional and born-digital•Provision for all library data: bibliographic, authority, holdings, classification•Replace MARC

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BIBFRAME Model

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BIBFRAME Model

BIBFRAME Model

BIBFRAME Model

BIBFRAME Model

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Putting it into practice

Migrating MARC to Linked data environment● Prototype of translation services & interfaces

● Publishing RDF vocabulary for Bibframe model, mappings to MARC and RDA

● Continued work with “Early Experimenters”

Developing other tools and supporting services● Prototype open source cataloguing interfaces

● Encourage faceted search interfaces

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Putting it into practice

Migrating MARC to Linked data environment

Work level data in XML<!-- Work --><Report id = "http://bibframe/work/frbr-report"><title>Functional requirements for bibliographic records :</title><titleRemainder>final report / IFLA Study Group on the FunctionalRequirements for Bibliographic Records ; approved by the StandingCommittee of the IFLA Section on Cataloguing.</titleRemainder><creator resource = "http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla" /><subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/cataloging" /><subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/bibliography" /><subject resource = "http://bibframe/auth/topic/frbr" /><language>English</language><hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:0" /><hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:1" /><hasInstance resource="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:2" /></Report>

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Putting it into practice

Migrating MARC to Linked data environment

Instance level data in XML<!-- Instance --><HardcoverBook id="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:0"><date>1998</date><place resource=”http://bibframe/auth/geo/münchen” /><publisher resource="http://bibframe/auth/org/k.g.saur" /><isbn>359811382X</isbn></HardcoverBook><!-- Instance --><DigitalResource id="http://bibframe/inst/frbr-1997-09-01:1"><link>http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf</link><format>application/pdf</format><date>1997-09-01</date><publisher resource="http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla" /></DigitalResource>

… etc.

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Putting it into practice

Migrating MARC to Linked data environment

<!-- BIBFRAME Topic --><Topic id="http://bibframe/auth/topic/bibliography"><label>Bibliography</label><generalSubdivision>Methodology</generalSubdivision><hasIDLink resource=”http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85013838” /></Topic><!-- BIBFRAME Topic --><Topic id="http://bibframe/auth/topic/cataloging"><label>Cataloging</label><hasIDLink resource=”http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85020816” /></Topic><!-- BIBFRAME Organization --><Organization id="http://bibframe/auth/org/ifla"><label>IFLA Study Group on the Functional Requirements for BibliographicRecords</label><link>http://www.ifla.org/</link><hasIDLink resource="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/nr98013265” /></Organization>etc.

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Think of the possibilities…

•Oslo Public Library “Active book” prototype

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Think of the possibilities…

“Credibility overlays” on search engine results

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The end of the ILS

“Library Service Platforms” as the next-generation of integrated data management for libraries

● actual sharing rather than copying of records

● pooling of resources (e.g. sharing of apps)

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Bibframe project plans

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Next steps for us:

● Visit LC’s Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative:

http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

● Visit BIBFRAME.org:

http://www.bibframe.org

● Watch “Tim Berner-Lee on the next Web”:

http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html

● Read the Bibframe draft document available online:

http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/news/bibframe-112312.html

● Join the Bibframe list: bibframe@listserv.loc.gov

● Start talking to vendors….

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