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Explores community owned and operation energy grids.
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12th FM-Gespraeche 2010
Optimizing Energy Decisions‘Energy commons’
byFred Klammt
Current power production
Future Energy commons
Supply or Demand based energy solution?
Energy Ladders
Carbon footprint ladder
Solar + Wind
Hydrogen Fuel Cell
Remote + Centralized
Regional
DE + Microgrid
Commons
Nuclear
Fossil Fuel
Efficiency ladder
Right sizing energy
• Energy balance needed
• Appropriate use of energy
– Do we really want to heat a house with a nuclear breeder reactor?
– Do we really want to run a steel mill with wind mills?
D E R• De-Centralized Energy Resources
– Possible Energy Sources:• Combined heat power (CHP)• Micro combined heat and power (MicroCHP)
– Wood, Biomass, Cut grasses, etc.• Microturbines• Solar
– Thermal, Hi/Lo Temp, Stirling engines– Photovoltaic Systems
• Small, large Wind power systems• Reciprocating engines
– Cogen, Trigen• Fuel cells
Microgeneration manifesto
• GHG reduction requires widespread and systematic incorporation of microgeneration technologies into both new and existing buildings
• Carbon savings aside, spin-off benefits include: – greater energy security, – alleviation of fuel poverty – contribution towards the economic recovery through the
creation of ‘green jobs’
• The key pillars of Microgeneration Manifesto are: – cohesive, integrated financial support– comprehensive retro-fitting of microgeneration
technologies into existing building stock; – clear information on options for credible career options.
Energy commons tools
1. Permaculture
2. Biomimicry
3. Cradle-to-Cradle™
4. Industrial Ecology
5. System dynamics
6. Quality principles
7. TBL: People, planet, profit
12 Permaculture Principles1. observe and interact2. catch and store energy3. obtain a yield4. apply self-regulation + accept feedback5. use and value renewable resources + services6. produce no waste7. design from patterns to details8. integrate rather than segregate9. use small and slow solutions10.use and value diversity11.use edges and value the marginal12.creatively use and respond to change
Permaculture Zones (energy zones)
0 = where we live
1 = our garden, property
2 = the surrounding forest, community
3 = the larger support , farms
4 = harvest forests
5 = natural conservation forests
6 = office, shop, factory
Cradle to cradle™3 basic principles:
1. Waste Equals Food2. Use Current Solar Income3. Celebrate Diversity
Simulation software
Energy Commons 10 Criteria
1. Availability + Reliability Includes technology issues, local distances Continuity/Intermittency, Sustainability
2. First Cost Construction, investment, financing, capitalization,
3. Extraction + Delivery Difficulty of access to energy source, distribution, sharing
4. Conversion efficiency btu in/btu out[1] Supply Chain LCA for energy input vs useful output
5. Social + Political Constraints Cultural regards, political considerations,
6. Risk: Chemical, security
Potential risk of toxic exposures, security risks
7. Technology
Where on tech innovation curve is this energy source
8. O+M costs
What are the long term O+M costs? How often will major maintenance be needed?
9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ
Emissionpollutant = Activity * Emission Factorpollutant[2]
10. Power intensity
Measure of overall energy efficiency[3]
Energy Commons 10 Criteria
Evaluation criteria
• 1. Availability + Reliability• 2. First cost• 3. Extraction+delivery • 4. Conversion eff btu/btu• 5. Social+political constraints• 6. Risk:Chemical + Secuity• 7. Technology• 8. O+M costs• 9. Carbon intensity gCO2e/MJ• 10. Power intensity
Leveraging
Science +
Technology
Solar energy is plentiful
►Introduction
Renewable Energy
Technologies
• Scalability– Small-medium-large
• Solar– Passive– Thermal (active, passive)
• Hi Temp (ie: Stirling)
• Lo Temp– PV– Cooling
• Wind
• Geothermal– Heat pumps– Earth pipes– other
Regulatory Environment
• Federal + State Laws– Rebate programs + Rqm’ts
– www.dsire.com
• Building Codes• Regulatory Agencies• California AB32, SB2075, etc• Utilities
– CA: PG+E, SCE• Feed-in tariffs
Carbon Abatement Cost for various Energy End-uses
Next generation light bulb - plasma?http://greentechnolog.com/state/california/
Where to start
1. Standards
2. Measurement
3. Data
4. Metrics5. Benchmarking6. Improvement
http://www.coolcalifornia.org/article/calculator
Current DER in California
Achieving AB 32 Targets in Buildings
Source: Rick Diamond PhD, LBNL
Business as usual
New Construction
Renovation
Existing Buildings
Reductions needed
2020 Target
2050 Target
One More Motivation…
END
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