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Nearly ten years have passed since the first Topic Map driven web site was developed in Norway. A string of high profile public sector followed suit, and Norway is now largely perceived as the poster child of Topic Maps usage internationally. Is this notion deserved? Stian recounts how it all started, reminds us of the original vision and intent and the inherent properties of the model, and asks whether Norway has been side tracked for too long by the common misperception of Topic Maps as more or less an extensive menu for “associative” web site navigation.
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Stian Danenbarger <stian@bouvet.no>
Bouvet November 2003 - PresentCreuna September 2001 – November 2003Adcore August 2000 – September 2001
Occurrences
• forbrukerportalen.no (Bouvet)• skifte.no (Bouvet)• *.hoyre.no (Bouvet)• nysgjerrigper.no (Bouvet)• matportalen.no (Bouvet)• udi.no (Creuna)• skatteetaten.no (Creuna)• brainbank.no (Cerpus)• kulturnett.no (Bouvet, Ontopia)• skolenettet.no (Creuna)• apollon.uio.no (USIT)• kuling.net (Cerpus)• norgesuniversitetet.no (Bouvet)• SSB – Byrånettet: Intranett (Bouvet)• utdanningsdirektoratet.no (Bouvet)• ksikt-forum.no (Bouvet)• vilbli.no (Lex)• regjeringen.no (Bouvet/MW/Abeo/…)• Posten Norge – PIA2: Intranett (Bouvet)• bergen.kommune.no (Bouvet)• Utdanningsdirektoratet - "Grep":
Læreplaner, kodeverk og tilbudsstruktur for grunnutdanningen i Norge (Bouvet)
• Utdanningsdirektoratet – Fibel: Intranett (Bouvet)
• nasjonalefestningsverk.no (Bouvet)• npolar.no (Bouvet)• polararet.no (Bouvet)• polarhistorie.no (Bouvet)• skogoglandskap.no (Bouvet)• sjohistorie.no (Tor Oskar)• bellona.* (Bouvet)• hadsel.kommune.no (Bouvet)• vestvaagoy.kommune.no (Bouvet)• matportalen.no/matvaretabellen (Bouvet)• wilhelmsen.com (Bouvet)• kildenett.no (Bouvet)• sentermotincest.no (Bouvet)• matmerk.no (Bouvet)• fuzzzy.com (Roy Lachica)• stortinget.no (Creuna)• skoleporten.utdanningsdirektoratet.no
(Bouvet)• Universitetet i Bergen – diverse (Bouvet)• industrimuseet.no (Bouvet)• visitnorway.com (Making Waves)
Some of the ”topic map driven” sites in Norway
Topic Maps conference attendance in Norway
0
50
100
150
200
250
2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
???
…Different?
Bergsnov, Mellbye & Rosenbaum - BMR
Albatros
Elk
Interaction Design
Information HighwayAdcore Creuna
Razorfish Norge (formerly Spray GK and IO Consulting)
< 1995 1999
2000 2001 2002
Emotion Consulting AB
Razorfish Sverige (formerly Qb Int.
.com
”It was born when the Wall fell in 1989. […] The spread of free markets and democracy around the world is permitting more people everywhere to turn their aspirations into achievements. And technology, properly harnessed and liberally distributed, has the power to erase not just geographical borders but also human ones.”
”GlobalKnowledgeInterchange”
” …Providing a way for incomplete,imperfect utterances to contribute, in some useful way, to the ongoing intellectual life of the human species is essential” – S. Newcomb
Gjenfinning
Gjenbruk
Sammenkopling
Time
ValueActu
alExpected
2010 ?
2006
2000
Where it all started…: quotes from a prestudy made for ITU in Norway:
mennesker
dokumentermiljøer
emner/temaprosjekter
artikler
verktøy
teknologi
metoder
aktiviteter
teorier
utdanningsnivå
mennesker
dokumentermiljøer
emner/temaprosjekter
artikler
verktøy
teknologi
metoder
aktiviteter
teorier
utdanningsnivå
• …is part of…• …consists of…• …looks like...
Examples:• ...has same author...• ...have worked together...• ...belongs to same category...
”Relationships between objects and various groups of objects affords users many ways in towards the same content, and stimulates to cross-site content exploration”
”Visualisation of this network is supposed to give the user a conseptual model of the network, and give a feeling of being in a ’relational space’”
2001
Just about then...
Topic Maps Core arrives05:03, 7 Dec 2000 UTC | Simon St.Laurent
Topicmaps.org has delivered a stable set of core deliverables, along with a draft of XML Topic Maps 1.0 and the XML Topic Maps Processing Model.
XTM is built on ISO 13250, which defines: "a standardized notation for interchangeably representing information about the structure of information resources used to define topics, and the relationships between topics.... A topic map defines a multidimensional topic space -- a space in which the locations are topics, and in which the distances between topics are measurable in terms of the number of intervening topics which must be visited in order to get from one topic to another, and the kinds of relationships that define the path from one topic to another, if any, through the intervening topics, if any."
The core deliverables includes the parts of XTM which are "not subject to any future change that would invalidate any XTM document or XTM application that conforms", while XTM 1.0 includes both those core delivrables and additional content which are still subject to "Authoring Group (AG) Review process.”
Related stories:•Topic maps and RDF folks meet •Topic Maps/RDF co-operation •Topic maps popular at XML Europe
ZTM1
: Topic Map Engine and a Content Management System
Scenario: ’Reform 2005’
?
?
?
Gjenfinning
Sammenkopling
BioforskFinansmarkedsfondetForskningsetiske komiteerHandelshøyskolen BIHøgskolen i BergenHøgskolen i BodøHøgskolen i LillehammerHøgskolen i Nord-TrøndelagHøgskolen i OsloHøgskolen i TromsøHøgskolen i VestfoldInstitutt for samfunnsforskningKILDEN Informasjonssenter for kjønnsforskningMatforskNasjonalt kunnskapssenter for helsetjenestenNorges forskningsrådNorges geologiske undersøkelseNorges Geotekniske InstituttNorges HandelshøyskoleNorges IdrettshøgskoleNorges VeterinærhøgskoleNTNUNorsk PolarinstituttNorsk RegnesentralNorut Gruppen / FiskeriforskningStandard NorgeStatens kartverkUniversitetet for miljø- og biovitenskapUniversitetet i BergenUniversitetet i OsloUniversitetet i StavangerUniversitetet i TromsøUniversitetssenteret på SvalbardUniversitetsstudiene på KjellerVeterinærinstituttet
but then…
ConcurrencyTransactions
Versioning Configuration Mgmt.
RolesWorkflow
ZTM2
: Topic Map Management System
…And we went thinking…:
”Design Once – Deploy Everywhere”?
"The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future."
The customers were saying nice things…
• ”For å si det som det er: Jeg ble nesten svimmel over hvor mye mer tilgjengelige artiklene var” - Jon Solberg, Norges forskningsråd på Emnekart 2002
• ”Det er mye artigere å publisere enn før. Emnekart gir ubegrensede muligheter” – Eli Rekstad, tidl. Forbrukerrådet, til Computerworld
• ”Det blir veldig lett fordi det er sånn hjernen fungerer. Man tenker assosiativt” - Steinar Q. Andersen, tidl. forskning.no, til Computerworld
Requests for Tender began saying…
• ”Vi opplever at det kan være vanskelig å finne en del av informasjonen man søker etter. Derfor ønsker vi å endre strukturen og designen på www.skatteetaten.no. Målet er å gjøre det enklere for brukerne å finne akkurat det de er ute etter.”
• ”Løsningen skal ha mulighet for bruk av emnekart (Topic Map) eller tilsvarende for navigering og søking i informasjonsstrukturen.”
[Fra “Ny informasjonsstruktur og design på www.skatteetaten.no”, 9. april 2003]
Gjenfinning
Gjenbruk
| Emnekart - neste steg?| 49
Scenario: Sammenkopling
Mattilsynet:Genmodifiserte matvarer
forskning.no:Genmodifisert mat
Forbrukerrådet:Genmodifisert mat
Expected
Time
ValueActu
al
Definition
Subscription
Assertion/Annotation
Subscription: definitions
+ official content
Gjenfinning
Gjenbruk
Directorate
Students
Schools and teachers
Learning resource publishers
Subjects
Fields
Competencegoals
LocalCurricula
Resorcesfrom public
sites
Resourcesfromprivateactors
Materialfound ormade by teachers
Materialfound ormade by students
• Guide• Facilitate• Create possibilities
Subject Centric Curriculum Infrastructure− vision statement
Gjenfinning
Sammenkopling
Gjenbruk
Government.no: New topical structure
Expected
Time
ValueActu
al
Gjenfinning
Gjenbruk
Sammenkopling
Time
ValueActu
alExpected
2010 ?
"We must understand that worldviews provide essential contexts for communication and that communication rests on our intuitive ability to cross the chasm between symbolic expressions and reality. We must work to provide computers with increasing sensitivity to (that is, apparent awareness of and ability to act upon) diverse human contexts. […] We must accept partial solutions and partial expressions, demanding neither compre-hensiveness nor perfection. There never will be any such thing as a “complete” topic map, or one true ontology suitable for all contexts, or a holy grail of “knowledge.” A single human being or organi-zation can accomplish something only within some limited scope.“- S. Newcomb
"It is through dialogue that the victory of smile over sword, compassion over hate, and justice over discrimination and injustice can be celebrated. The readiness of the rational world for dialogue has raised hopes for the dawn of a noble life. We march along this path heartened by the divine promise that “is not the dawn near?”
- Seyed Mohammad Khatami
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