J N C Group

.2 0 . 1C h S e c Th e Im p a c t o f

S c ie n c e a n dTe c h n o lo g y

: B y J o e Lo p e z

N a n c y P in e d a

C a r la A v ile s

E x p lo r in g t h e S o la r S y s t e m a n d B e y o n d

C o o p e r a t io n inS p a c e

• There was much competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in the space race

• In 1972 years before the Cold War was over the Us and Soviet space programs began to work

• This goal was achieved on July 17 1975 when both spacecrafts flew 140 miles above earth

• The Soviets were the first to send an international crew into space named Soyuz 28 which orbited the Earth in 1978 included a Czech cosmonaut.

C o o p e r a t io n inS p a c e

• US space shuttles included astronauts from Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Canada, Italy, Japan, Israel, and Mexico.

• A project sponsored by the US, Russia, and 14 other nations for the building of the International Space Station (ISS).

• In 1998 U.S. shuttles and Russian spacecrafts transported sections of the ISS to be assembled in space when it is completed it will be the size of a football field.

E x p lo r in g t h eU n iv e r s e

• The Soviet Venera spacecraft in the 1970s and the US probe Magellan in 1990 provided in-depth information about Venus

• On a 12-year journey the U.S. Voyager 2 sent dazzling pictures of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune back to earth

E x p lo r in g t h eU n iv e r s e

• Both the US and Soviets showed interest in Mars but only the US sent the probe Pathfinder which landed on Mars in 1997

• In 1990 the U.S. space agency NASA and European agency ESA worked together to developed and launch the Hubble Space Telescope to sent pictures of orbiting space

E x p a n d in g G lo b a lC o m m u n ic a t io n s

, S m a lle r M o r e P o w e r f u l C o m p u t e r s

• Since the 1960s, artificial satellites launched into orbit around Earth have aided worldwide communications

• With Satellite communication on the world has become a global village

• In the 1940s, when computers first came into use they took up a huge room they required fans or an elaborate air conditioning system to cool it down

, S m a lle r M o r e P o w e r f u l C o m p u t e r s

• Today a variety of consumer products such as microwave ovens, telephones, keyboard, instruments, and cars used computers and chips

• Computers have become essential in most offices, and millions of people around the globe have computers in their homes

C o m m u n ic a t io nN e t w o r k s

• Starting in the 1990s, businesses and individuals began using internet.

• The internet is a voluntary linkage of computer networks around the world.

• It began in the late 1960s as a method of linking scientist so they could exchange information about research.

• Between 1995 and late 2002 the number of worldwide internet users soared from 26 million to more than 600 million.

C o m m u n ic a t io nN e t w o r k s

• Internet, along with fax machines, transmits information electronically to remote locations

• Both paved the way for home offices and telecommuting working at home using computers connected to a business network.

• Technology has change how people work

Tr a n s f o rm in g H u m a n Lif e

H e a lt h a n dM e d ic in e

• Surgeons seldom performed operations on sensitive areas such as the eye or the brain Before World War II 

• Doctors use CAT scans and MRI techniques, to diagnose injuries, detect tumors, or collect other medical information

• Technology allowed scientists to isolate and examine individual genes that are responsible for different traits.

H e a lt h a n dM e d ic in e

• Through genetic engineering, scientists were able to introduce new genes into an organism to give that organism new traits.

• Cloning is the creation of identical copies of DNA, the chemical chains of genes that determine heredity.

The Green Revolution• Agricultural scientists around the

world started a campaign known as the green revolution, In the 1960s, it was an attempt to increase food production worldwide

• The green revolution helped avert famine and increase crop yields in many parts of the world

• The green revolution had its negative side, fertilizers and pesticides often contain dangerous chemicals that may cause cancer and pollute the environment

The Green Revolution• Also, the cost of the

chemicals and the equipment to harvest more crops was far too expensive for an average peasant farmer

• Science and technology have changed the lives of millions of people