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Osman Silva is an oceanographer and holds a PhD. in civil engineering from Campinas State University and a postdoctoral program from the Sao Paulo University, Brazil. He works as a deputy manager at the Department of Water Resources Management from the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA).
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IWRM and regional diversity in Brazil: an adaptive management opportunity or constraint?
Osman Fernandes da SilvaMarseille March 14, 2012
SURFACE WATER AVAILABILITYMEDIUM PRECIPITATION
INDEX OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT - IHDDEMOGRAPHIC DENSITYSOCIOECONOMICAL ASPECTS
IHD Rank *84° - Brazil - 0.71820° - France - 0.884
Estimates for 2011. (Source: Wikipedia)
LEGENDMunicipal IHD
no information
BRAZIL - CHARACTERIZATION
• Area: 8,57 million Km²• Population: 192.376.496 (2011)
LEGENDSpecific Runoff (l/s/Km²)
< 2
2 to 4
4 to 10
10 to 20
20 to 40
> 40
• WRM is under 28 jurisdictions (so, we have 28 water management systems)
• Multiple rules and procedures for management, operation and regulation
• Around 75% of Brazil’s territory is compounded by shared interstate river basins.
BRAZILIAN FEDERAL CONSTITUTION (1988)
Federal Jurisdiction(surface waters) State Jurisdiction(surface and groundwater)
State Rivers 526.825 km
Federal Rivers 105.810 km
National Water Resources Management System
National Water Resources Management System
• Shared management: is necessary to coordinate and organize the water governance at some levels• Fundament: clear division of competences and responsabilities (Subsidiarity Principle ‘Institutional’)• Governance: is necessary to evolve and insert representative actors in the process (stakeholders).• Requisites: resilient institutions, collaborative efforts and sound capacity at all levels.
MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNANCE
Horizontal Descentralization
Horizontal
Descentralization
BRAZILIAN WATER AGENCY
Vertical
Descentralization
The Core Political Process: to facilitate a better understanding of water issues by political decision-makers, including sectors outside the water sector, and to help give greater consideration to these issues at all levels of decision-making. (http://www.worldwaterforum6.org/index.php?id=18)
GOVERNANCE & GOVERNABILITY
• MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS
• ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
• INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
CROSS-SECTORIAL INTEGRATION
WATERAND
SANIT- ATION
Source: Adapted by “Training manual on water integrity” (2009)
WATERFOR
NATURE
WATERAND
ENERGY
WATERFOR
INDUS-TRY AND
OTHER USES
WATERFOR
FOOD
GOVERNANCE DIVERSITY IN BRAZILPROBLEM
High degree of wastewater pollution
Very high water demand/availability
CHARACTERISATIONHighly urban-industrialized basinHigh IHD rankHigh level of social organization
SOLUTIONPCJ Basin Committee Water/Basin AgencyImplementation of all manag. instruments
1
2Low-medium degree of
wastewater and agricultural pollution
Medium water demand/availability
Urban-rural basinHydroelectric power generationMedium IHD rankMedium level of social organization
Rio Grande BasinCommittee Office of WaterImplementation of part of the manag. inst
3Low degree of pollution, but
eutrophised reservoirsVery high water
demand/availability
Rural basinLow IHD rankLow level of social organization in the committee, but high level of social organisation in the “Reservoirs Management Commission” (water allocation)
Piranhas-Açu BasinCommittee Reservoirs Management CommissionImplement a few instr.
NATIONAL UNITS FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
12 Hydrographic Regions and
27 States Limits
PCJ Committee Basin
Rio Grande Committee Basin
Piranhas-AçuCommittee Basin
• The institutions created to promote IWRM must reflect regional/local conditions, like:– types of water related problems– level of social organization (or its potential)– financial capacity to support the actions– public authority’s technical capacity
• IWRM and regional diversity in Brazil: an adaptive management opportunity or constraint?
Conclusion
www.youtube.com/anagovbrwww.twitter.com/anagovbr
Thank you!
Osman Fernandes da SilvaWater Resources Expert
osman.silva@ana.gov.br | (+55) (61) 2109 –5438
www.ana.gov.br
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