Introduction to ARM

ARMAdvanced RISC MachineKelompok 1IF5130 – Sistem Komputer

Windows Phone

Are you using this ?

great performance , GREAT (computing) power

Low computing power, great performance

History

Developed in 1985 at Acorn Computers Ltd for the 1st time

Established a new company named Advanced RISC Machine

Continuation of the architecture enchancements from the original architecture

A large register file A load/store architecture Uniform and fixed length instruction field Simple addressing mode

ARM featuressimilar than RISC

A 32-bit architecture Byte,halfword,Word relation to ARM Implement

32-bit ARM IS 16-bit Thumb IS

Jazell to execute Java bytecode

Data Sizes & Instruction Sets

User FIQ IRQ Supervisor Abort Undef System

Processor Mode

Control over both ALU & shifter Auto-increment & decrement Load / Store Multiple Instructions Conditional execution

New featuresbetter than RISC

Windows Phone

More Control

Data Processing – Dataflow Model

Data Processing – Component

Data Processing - Instructions

Contains:• Arithmetic instructions• Comparisons instructions (no results - just set

condition codes) Multipy Instructions• Logical operations• Data movement between registers

Data Processing – Instruction

Data Processing – LSL Example

Data processing ARM != pure RISC

Load & Store Instruction

Load/Store Instruction

Load/Store Instruction (2) 3 type transfer

Single register data transfer (LDR/STR) Block data transfer (LDM/STM) Single Data Swap (SWP)

Single Data Transfer

r10x20

0

BaseRegiste

r

Memory

0x5

0x200

r00x5

SourceRegiste

rfor STR

Offset12 0x20c

r10x20

0

Original

BaseRegiste

r

Memory

0x50x200

r00x5

SourceRegiste

rfor STR

Offset12 0x20c

r10x20c

UpdatedBase

Register

Block Data Transfer

Stack

Block Data Transfer• Block Copying Modes

Increment – AfterIncrement – BeforeDecrement – After Decrement – Before

loop LDMIA r12!, {r0-r11} ; load 48 bytesSTMIA r13!, {r0-r11} ; and store themCMP r12, r14 ; check for the endBNE loop ; and loop until done

r13

r14

r12

Increasing

Memory

Windows Phone

Conditional Execution

Conditional Execution

?

Conditional Execution

Conditional flagsN : NegativeZ : ZeroC : CarryV : Overflow

Conditional Execution

Who’s reading flags?EQ : EqualNE : Not equalVS : Overflow setVC : Overflow clearMI : MinusPL : PlusCS : Carry setCC : Carry clear

HI : HigherLS : Lower than or sameGE : Greater than or equalLT : Less thanGT : Greater thanLE : Less than or equal

Conditional Execution

C programing languageWhile (i != j) {

if (i > j) {i -= j;

} else {j -= i;

}}

Conditional Execution

RISC loop:CMP Ri, RjBEQ doneBGT biggerBLT smaller

bigger:SUB Ri, Ri, RjBNE loop

smaller:SUB Rj, Rj, RiBNE loop

Conditional Execution

ARMloop:

CMP Ri, RjSUBGT Ri, Ri, RjSUBLT Rj, Rj, RiBNE loop

Windows Phone

Let’s recap

Reference

[ZHU09 ]Dr Yifeng Zhu, The ARM Assembly, 2009, (http://arch.eece.maine.edu/ece471/images/8/8b/Lecture_05_ARM_ISA.pdf)

[ARM11] ARM Ltd., ARM Architecture Reference Manual, 2011, www.arm.com

[ROK11] Rokov, Josko , ARM Architecture and Multimedia Applications (http://www.fer.unizg.hr/_download/repository/Kvalifikacijski-Rokov.pdf)

Reference

The ARM Instructions Set – ARM University Program v1.0

[ARM11] ARM Ltd., ARM Architecture Reference Manual, 2011, www.arm.com

www.ida.liu.se/~TDTS51/lectures/lectures5-6.pdf

ARM7-TDMI-manual-pt2

ARMAdvanced RISC MachineKelompok 1IF5130 – Sistem Komputer